Evaluation of Antibody Titers to H9N2 Influenza Virus in Hospital Staff in Shiraz, Iran

Hadipour, M. M.; Pazira, Saman

doi:10.3923/javaa.2011.832.834

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Antibody titers were highest among individuals exposed to poultry. [21][22][23] In a recent study, Lebanese researchers found that 32Á3% of individuals exposed to poultry sick with H9N2 viruses showed elevated antibody titers against viruses of the same type. 18…”

Section: H9n2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sero‐epidemiologic studies from Iran found serologic evidence of previous infection with H9N2 among several subgroups of individuals. Antibody titers were highest among individuals exposed to poultry . In a recent study, Lebanese researchers found that 32·3% of individuals exposed to poultry sick with H9N2 viruses showed elevated antibody titers against viruses of the same type…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the current state and the way forward

Kayali

Webby

Samhouri

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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We searched published literature, surveillance data sources, and sequence databases to analyze the state of influenza virus research and to identify research gaps in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. PubMed, Scopus, and other databases were searched for influenza publications and nucleotide sequences. WHO's FluNet was searched to determine virologic reporting from each country. We found that influenza research has increased in recent years with the emergence of H5N1 and pandemic H1N1. In some countries, influenza research is growing and is diversified, covering epidemiologic, veterinary, and basic science aspects. However, the volume and diversity of influenza research is low, especially in light of the burden of influenza in the region. To have contemporary and advanced research in the region, systematic surveillance in humans and animals, as well as at the human–animal interface, needs to be boosted. Surveillance data should then be used to answer more important epidemiologic, virologic, immunologic, and basic science questions.

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Section: H9n2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the current state and the way forward

Kayali

Webby

Samhouri

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Human infections with H9N2 AIV are rarely reported, with the virus causing only mild influenzalike symptoms (6). Regardless, serological surveys indicate that the positive rates for anti-H9N2 antibodies in poultry-related workers are 15.1% in Guangzhou, China, and 72.5 to 87% in Iran (9,10), indicating that human H9N2 infection is prevalent in high-risk workers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Internal Genes of Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Contributing to High Pathogenicity in Mice

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The recently identified H7N9 influenza A virus has caused severe economic losses and worldwide public concern. Genetic analysis indicates that its six internal genes all originated from H9N2 viruses. However, the H7N9 virus is more highly pathogenic in humans than H9N2, which suggests that the internal genes of H7N9 have mutated. To analyze which H7N9 virus internal genes contribute to its high pathogenicity, a series of reassortants was generated by reverse genetics, with each virus containing a single internal gene of the typical A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) (AH-H7N9) virus in the genetic background of the A/chicken/Shandong/ lx1023/2007 (H9N2) virus. The replication ability, polymerase activity, and pathogenicity of these viruses were then evaluated in vitro and in vivo. These recombinants displayed high genetic compatibility, and the H7N9-derived PB2, M, and NP genes were identified as the virulence genes for the reassortants in mice. Further investigation confirmed that the PB2 K627 residue is critical for the high pathogenicity of the H7N9 virus and the reassortant containing the H7N9-derived PB2 segment (H9N2-AH/ PB2). Notably, the H7N9-derived PB2 gene displayed greater compatibility with the H9N2 genome than that of H7N9, endowing the H9N2-AH/PB2 reassortant with greater viability and virulence than the parental H7N9 virus. In addition, the H7N9 virus, with the exception of the H9N2 reassortants, could effectively replicate in human A549 cells. Our results indicate that PB2, M, and NP are the key virulence genes, together with the surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, contributing to the high infectivity of the H7N9 virus in humans. IMPORTANCETo date, the novel H7N9 influenza A virus has caused 437 human infections, with approximately 30% mortality. Previous work has primarily focused on the two viral surface proteins, HA and NA, but the contribution of the six internal genes to the high pathogenicity of H7N9 has not been systematically studied. Here, the H9N2 virus was used as a genetic backbone to evaluate the virulence genes of H7N9 virus in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that the PB2, M, and NP genes play important roles in viral infection in mice and, together with HA and NA, contribute to the high infectivity of the H7N9 virus in humans. A vian influenza virus (AIV) is an enveloped, single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus that belongs to the influenza A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The AIV genome is comprised of eight gene segments: hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), basic polymerase 2 (PB2), basic polymerase 1 (PB1), acidic polymerase (PA), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix (M), and nonstructural protein (NS). Based on the antigenic properties of the HA (H1 to H16) and NA (N1 to N9) surface glycoproteins, as well as two recently discovered bat-derived H17N10 and H18N11 influenza-like genomes (1), AIV can be further divided into subtypes.AIV is generally considered species specific and rarely crosses the species barrier to infect mammals and humans (2). However...

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“…Different subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) possess different virulence and infectivity. Except for domestic poultry and wild birds, some AIVs including subtype H5, H7 and H9 had been detected from humans [ 9 ]. The high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses can spread rapidly in and between poultry, resulting in hundreds of millions of domestic birds affected and killed [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous serological surveys have also pointed out that the positive rates for anti-H9N2 antibody were high in both poultry and human beings. In Iran, 23% to 87% of poultry-related workers possessed antibody for H9 [ 9 ]. Chinese studies also reported that 12.8% of chickens and 5.1% of poultry-related workers in Guangzhou area were seropositive for H9N2 [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Characteristics of Internal Genes Affect Infectivity of the Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

Yan

Mao

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundHuman infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus occurred continuously in China during the first half of 2013, with high infectivity and pathogenicity to humans. In this study, we investigated the origin of internal genes of the novel H7N9 virus and analyzed the relationship between internal genes and infectivity of the virus.Methodology and Principal findingsWe tested the environmental specimens using real-time RT-PCR assays and isolated five H9N2 viruses from specimens that were positive for both H7 and H9. Results of recombination and phylogeny analysis, performed based on the entire sequences of 221 influenza viruses, showed that one of the Zhejiang avian H9N2 isolates, A/environment/Zhejiang/16/2013, shared the highest identities on the internal genes with the novel H7N9 virus A/Anhui/1/2013, ranging from 98.98% to 100%. Zhejiang avian H9N2 isolates were all reassortant viruses, by acquiring NS gene from A/chicken/Dawang/1/2011-like viruses and other five internal genes from A/brambling/Beijing/16/2012-like viruses. Compared to A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9), the homology on the NS gene was 99.16% with A/chicken/Dawang/1/2011, whereas only 94.27-97.61% with A/bramnling/Beijing/16/2012-like viruses. Analysis on the relationship between internal genes and the infectivity of novel H7N9 viruses were performed by comparing amino acid sequences with the HPAI H5N1 viruses, the H9N2 and the earlier H7N9 avian influenza viruses. There were nine amino acids on the internal genes found to be possibly associated with the infectivity of the novel H7N9 viruses. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the internal genes, sharing the highest similarities with A/environment/Zhejiang/16/2013-like (H9N2) viruses, may affect the infectivity of the novel H7N9 viruses.

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Evaluation of Antibody Titers to H9N2 Influenza Virus in Hospital Staff in Shiraz, Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the current state and the way forward

Influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the current state and the way forward

Assessment of the Internal Genes of Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Contributing to High Pathogenicity in Mice

Origin and Characteristics of Internal Genes Affect Infectivity of the Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

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