Influenza research in the <scp>E</scp>astern <scp>M</scp>editerranean <scp>R</scp>egion: the current state and the way forward

Kayali, Ghazi; Webby, Richard J.; Samhouri, Dalia; Mafi, Ali; Bassili, Amal

doi:10.1111/irv.12136

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Once more, we observed a higher prevalence among studies conducted in rural populations versus urban populations. A recent study conducted in 2010 reported an HCV prevalence of 8.7% among children with viral hepatitis [87]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, HCV prevalence among adult diabetic patients was 20.0% [100] and 60.3% [111]. Substantial HCV prevalence was also observed among patients attending hospitals, ranging between 0% [87] and 72.8% [112]. We identified one study conducted among periodontal disease patients reporting a prevalence of 13.0% [113].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other common risk factors were related to healthcare settings such as history of blood transfusions, invasive procedures, injections, perinatal care, and dental work [15,61,62,69,71,82,87]. Saleh et al reported a greater risk for incident infection among women whose babies were delivered by a physician rather than by a nurse or a traditional birth attendant, in a health facility rather than at their home, and in women having complicated vaginal deliveries [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated HCV prevalence is also found among individuals exposed to even minor medical care procedures, within and beyond established health care facilities. Community studies have found strong correlations between HCV infection and different medical exposures such as injections, blood transfusions, surgical procedures, perinatal care, and dental treatment [15,61,62,69,71,82,87]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEgypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world, estimated nationally at 14.7%. Our study’s objective was to delineate the evidence on the epidemiology of HCV infection among the different population groups in Egypt, and to draw analytical inferences about the nature of HCV transmission in this country.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of all data on HCV prevalence and incidence in Egypt following PRISMA guidelines. The main sources of data included PubMed and Embase databases. We also used a multivariate regression model to infer the temporal trend of HCV prevalence among the general population and high risk population in Egypt.ResultsWe identified 150 relevant records, four of which were incidence studies. HCV incidence ranged from 0.8 to 6.8 per 1,000 person-years. Overall, HCV prevalence among pregnant women ranged between 5-15%, among blood donors between 5-25%, and among other general population groups between 0-40%. HCV prevalence among multi-transfused patients ranged between 10-55%, among dialysis patients between 50-90%, and among other high risk populations between 10% and 85%. HCV prevalence varied widely among other clinical populations and populations at intermediate risk. Risk factors appear to be parenteral anti-schistosomal therapy, injections, transfusions, and surgical procedures, among others. Results of our time trend analysis suggest that there is no evidence of a statistically significant decline in HCV prevalence over time in both the general population (p-value: 0.215) and high risk population (p-value: 0.426).ConclusionsEgypt is confronted with an HCV disease burden of historical proportions that distinguishes this nation from others. A massive HCV epidemic at the national level must have occurred with substantial transmission still ongoing today. HCV prevention in Egypt must become a national priority. Policymakers, and public health and medical care stakeholders need to introduce and implement further prevention measures targeting the routes of HCV transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

et al. 2013

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“…Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the importance of having appropriate surveillance systems to monitor influenza trends became evident globally . However, there remains scarce information about the burden of influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza‐associated severe acute respiratory infections in 2 sentinel sites in Lebanon—September 2015 to August 2016

Saleh

Bazzi²,

Ismail

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundGiven the sparse information on the burden of influenza in Lebanon, the Ministry of Public Health established a sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to identify the attribution of influenza to reported cases. We aim to highlight the proportion of influenza‐associated SARI from September 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2016 in 2 Lebanese hospitals.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2 sentinel sites located in Beirut suburbs and southern province of Lebanon. WHO's 2011 standardized SARI case definition was used. Data from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016 were reviewed, and all‐cause hospital admission numbers were obtained. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested by RT‐PCR. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 13.ResultsThe 2 sentinel sites reported 746 SARI cases during the studied time frame: 467 from the southern province site and 279 from the Beirut suburbs site. SARI reports peaked between January and March 2016. All, except 4, cases were sampled, and a co‐dominance of influenza B (43%) and influenza A (H1N1) (41%) was evident. A high proportion of cases was reported in children <2 years 274 (37%). The proportional contribution of influenza‐associated SARI to all‐cause hospital admissions was high in children <2 years in the south (4.5% [95% CI: 3.1‐6.5]) and in children <5 years in Beirut (0.7% [95% CI: 0.6‐0.8]).ConclusionThis is the first study to highlight the proportion of influenza‐associated SARI in 2 hospitals in Lebanon. The findings will be beneficial for supporting respiratory prevention and immunization program policies.

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Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

AL‐Eitan,

Khair,

Shakhatreh

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The World Organization for Animal Health defines Avian Influenza Virus as a highly infectious disease caused by diverse subtypes that continue to evolve rapidly, impacting poultry species, pet birds, wild birds, non‐human mammals, and occasionally humans. The effects of Avian influenza viruses have been recognised as a precursor for serious health concerns among affected birds, poultry, and human populations in the Middle East. Furthermore, low and high pathogenic avian influenza viruses lead to respiratory illness with varying severity, depending on the virus subtype (e.g., H5, H7, H9, etc.). Possible future outbreaks and endemics of newly emerging subtypes are expected to occur, as many studies have reported the emergence of novel mutations and viral subtypes. However, proper surveillance programs and biosecurity applications should be developed, and countries with incapacitated defences against such outbreaks should be encouraged to undergo complete reinstation and reinforcement in their health and research sectors. Public education regarding biosafety and virus prevention is necessary to ensure minimal spread of avian influenza endemic.

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Influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the current state and the way forward

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

Influenza‐associated severe acute respiratory infections in 2 sentinel sites in Lebanon—September 2015 to August 2016

Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region

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