Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Matricaria chamomilla, Malva sylvestris and Capsella bursa-pastoris against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Malva sylvestris, and Capsella bursa-pastoris against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimens. Methods: The plants were collected from Ziarat Village, southern heights of Gorgan, and the required parts were separated and then thoroughly dried in the shade. After grinding, extraction was performed by the maceration method. The extract was dried at 37°C for 24 h. A concentration of 50 mg/ml of each extract was obtained in 10 ml 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and sterilized. For the antibacterial assay, agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used. Results: Our results showed no inhibitory effect for the ethanolic extracts of M. sylvestris and C. bursa-pastoris against the MRSA isolates in both antibacterial assays. The chamomile flower extract showed antibacterial activity against the 20 MRSA isolates at 50 and 25 mg/ml concentrations. The extract from chamomile leaves demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the 7 MRSA isolates. The extracts from chamomile flowers demonstrated MIC and MBC at a concentration of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml for most MRSA isolates, while these values for the extracts from chamomile leaves were 12.5 and 25 mg/ml for a few MRSA isolates, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the ethanolic flower extract of chamomile showed significant antibacterial activity against the MRSA isolates. Hence, this extract may be an alternative to antibiotic therapy and a good option to control infections caused by MRSA and pathogenic bacteria.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses

“…The results varied depending on the organ used [23][24][25]. Indeed, among 24 S. aureus MRSA studied, ethanolic extracts from flowers had an activity on 20 strains compared to 7 for leaf extracts [23]. The same results were found by Ahani Azari and Danesh [24] against MRSA strains.…”

“…Several studies reported the antibacterial activity of M. chamomilla ethanolic extracts [117,[138][139][140]. The results varied depending on the organ used [23][24][25]. Indeed, among 24 S. aureus MRSA studied, ethanolic extracts from flowers had an activity on 20 strains compared to 7 for leaf extracts [23].…”

“…In addition, the effect of M. chamomilla EO on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and alginate production was investigated [22]. The plant also showed activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus MRSA [23,24] and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa [25]. Moreover, M. chamomilla extract exhibited an anti-adherence activity against several bacterial strains [26].…”

Development of 2‐Alkyl‐5‐((phenylsulfonyl)oxy)‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Biofilm Agents

“…[1,2] Drug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycinresistant Enterococcus (VRE) have emerged as predominant cause of nosocomial infections and can induce a wide spectrum of diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. [3][4][5][6] Studies have shown that biofilm formation is a common defense mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria, and approximately 65-80 % of bacterial infections are biofilmassociated. [7][8][9] Thus, the development of new antibiofilm agents against S. aureus and E. faecalis has become an urgent task.…”

“…Bacteria that can resist clinical antibiotics pose a serious threat to public health around the world and bring a great economic burden to human beings [1,2] . Drug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have emerged as predominant cause of nosocomial infections and can induce a wide spectrum of diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality [3–6] . Studies have shown that biofilm formation is a common defense mechanism of drug‐resistant bacteria, and approximately 65–80 % of bacterial infections are biofilm‐associated [7–9] .…”