Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal and anti-ulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves in rodents

Antiplasmodial and antiulcer activities of Melanthera scadens

“…Indomethacin is known to cause ulcer especially in an empty stomach and mostly on the glandular (mucosal) part of the stomach by inhibiting prostaglandin synthetase through the cycloxygenase pathway [13] . Prostaglandins function to protect the stomach from injury by stimulating the secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, maintaining mucosal blood flow and regulating mucosal turn over and repair [17] .…”

“…The extract was observed to significantly reduce mucosal damage in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model, suggesting the possible extract mobilization and involvement of prostaglandin in the anti-ulcer effect of the extract. Administration of ethanol has been reported to cause disturbances in gastric secretion, damage to the mucosa, alterations in the permeability, gastric mucus depletion and free radical production [13] . It was observed in this study that the extract significantly reduced ethanolinduced ulcer.…”

“…The leaf extract has been found to contain flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides among others. Flavonoids have been reported to protect the gastric mucosa from damage by increasing the mucosal prostaglandin content, inhibiting histamine secretion from mast cells, inhibition of histidine decarboxylase and free radical scavenging ability [13,19] . This activity corroborates the antioxidant activity of the leaf of M. scandens earlier reported by Adeseguna [6] and maybe attributable to its antiulcer potential.…”

“…Indomethacin-induced ulcer Male adult albino rats (150-170 g) were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. The animals were starved from food and water for 24 h and 2 h, respectively before the commencement of experiment [13] . They were treated as follows: group 1 (control) received only indomethacin (Sigma, 60 mg/kg p.o.…”

“…The tissues were fixed with 10% formaldehyde in saline. Macroscopic examination was carried out with a hand lens and the presence of ulcer lesion was scored [13] . Ulcer index (UI) and preventive ratio (PR) of each of the groups pretreated with extract were calculated using standard methods [13,14] .…”