Evaluation of alternatives for the evolution of palm oil mills into biorefineries

Núñez, Jesús Alberto García; Rodríguez, Deisy Tatiana; Fontanilla, Carlos Andrés; Ramirez, Nidia Elizabeth; Lora, Electo Eduardo Silva; Frear, Craig; Stöckle, Claudio O.; Amonette, James E.; Garcı̀a-Pèrez, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.05.020

Cited by 74 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Low-efficiency CHP is the technology used to treat PKS and PMF, while high-efficiency CHP can also burn EFB. A preprocessing of the EFB is needed to reduce the moisture content before burning it in the boiler [29]. Alternatives considered for CHP plants consist of 1 MW low-efficiency CHP, and 4 MW and 9 MW high-efficiency CHP configurations.…”

Section: Bewhere Model For the Oil Palm Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Significant amounts of biomass residues were generated in Indonesia. While untreated, residues emit greenhouse gases during the decomposition process. On the other hand, if efficiently utilized, these residues could be used to produce value-added products. This study investigates opportunities for harnessing the full potential of palm oil residues (i.e., empty fruit bunches, kernel shells, fiber, and mill effluent). As far as we are aware, the study is the first attempt to model the palm oil supply chain in a geographically explicit way while considering regional infrastructures in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The BeWhere model, a mixed integer linear programming model for energy system optimization, was used to assess the costs and benefits of optimizing the regional palm oil supply chain. Different scenarios were investigated, considering current policies and new practices leading to improved yields in small-scale plantations and power grid connectivity. The study shows that a more efficient palm oil supply chain can pave the way for the country to meet up to 50% of its national bioenergy targets by 2025, and emission reductions of up to 40 MtCO 2 eq/year. As much as 50% of the electricity demand in Sumatra could be met if residues are efficiently used and grid connections are available. We recommend that system improvements be done in stages. In the short to medium term, improving the smallholder plantation yield is the most optimal way to maximize regional economic gains from the palm oil industry. In the medium to long term, improving electricity grid connection to palm oil mills could bring higher economic value as excess electricity is commercialized.

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Section: Bewhere Model For the Oil Palm Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…Beberapa upaya pemanfaatan limbah PKS telah dilakukan, baik itu dilakukan hanya untuk melunasi kewajiban otoritas lingkungan maupun dengan tujuan komersial yakni untuk peningkatan produktifitas pabrik. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong dan serat dapat diproses menjadi kompos (11,12,13) , pemanfaatan POME menjadi biogas (14,15) , pemanfaatan tandan kosong dan serat untuk bahan pembakaran steam dan boiler (16,17,18) , pemanfaatan tandan kosong, serat dan cangkang untuk bahan produksi pellet (19,20) , dan pemanfaatan slugde (21,22) . Pada paper ini akan dilakukan evaluasi dari beberapa pemanfaatan limbah PKS untuk produksi energi terbarukan.…”

Section: Latar Belakangunclassified

“…Gambar 1. Skema kegiatan produksi CPO dari suatu pabrik kelapa sawit (sumber: Garcia-Nunez et al, 2016 (19) , diadaptasi oleh penulis) Dari kedua konsep dan konsep dasar akan didapatkan data yang meliputi data biaya operasional dan produk akhir yang dihasilkan. Data ini kemudian dilengkapi dengan data harga produk untuk dapat dikomparasikan.…”

Section: Bahan Dan Metodeunclassified

“…Tabel 2. Hasil pengolahan limbah kelapa sawit (16,19,20,36) Pada Tabel 2 disajikan hasil produksi energi terbarukan untuk setiap proses pengolahan limbah PKS dengan satuan unit 1 ton TBS. Biaya proses pengolahan limbah terbesar diserap oleh proses produksi pellet yakni sebesar 3,38 US$/ton pengolahan TBS.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

“…Tingginya biaya produksi pellet dimungkinkan adanya tambahan unit pengering bahan baku dan unit produksi pellet itu sendiri. Pada proses ini semua material limbah padat PKS diperlakukan tahap pretreatment dan pengeringan sebelum diproses oleh unit pembuat pellet (19) . Tingginya biaya produksi pellet ternyata tidak menurunkan keuntungan, malah sebaiknya menjadikan produksi pellet sebagai proses yang paling banyak menghasilkan keuntungan yakni sekitar 14,95 US$/ton TBS.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

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Evaluasi Kinerja Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dalam Produksi Energi Terbaharukan

Santoso

2018

Jurtekling

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Several alternative waste management innovations from oil palm mills with a capacity of 30 tons / year have been evaluated. These waste innovations are based on the most optimal renewable energy yield produced by oil palm mills, ie biogas, compost and pellets. The evaluation stage begins by collecting data from the operations of the common palm oil factories that is used as the data base-line. Furthermore, preliminary data is compared with the data of waste management innovation which is grouped into 3 (three) activities: (1) compost production from empty bunches, (2) biogas production from liquid waste treatment and (3) pellet production. The comparative results state that the plant's ability to process 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches can produce alternative renewable energy products either 207 kg of compost or 125 kWh of electricity or 125 kg pellets. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of palm oil mills in renewable energy production that is the most optimal in generating the largest profit margin. The results showed that based on the maximum profit potential obtained from each process of waste management, the percentage of the processed waste is about 19.8; 45.5 and 34.6% for the respective compost, biogas and pellet production. The processed waste will earn profit from renewable energy products of compost, biogas and pellet of as many as 6.1; 31.3 and 54.47 US$ / ton respectively. The overall waste treatment requires operating cost of 2.34 US $/ton and will result in a total profit of 91.89 US$ / ton. ABSTRAKBeberapa alternatif inovasi pengelolaan limbah dari pabrik kelapa sawit dengan kapasitas 30 ton/tahun telah dievaluasi. Alternatif inovasi limbah ini didasarkan pada hasil akhir energi terbarukan yang paling optimal yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik kelapa sawit, yakni berupa biogas, kompos dan pelet. Tahapan evaluasi diawali dengan mengumpulkan data kegiatan operasional pabrik kelapa sawit yang dijadikan sebagai data base line. Selanjutnya data awal tersebut dikomparasi dengan data inovasi pengelolaan limbah yang terbagi dalam kegiatan: (1) produksi kompos dari tandan kosong, (2) produksi biogas dari pengolahan limbah cair dan (3) produksi pellet. Hasil komparasi menyatakan bahwa kemampuan pabrik dalam mengolah 1 ton tandan buah segar dapat menghasilkan beberapa alternatif produk energi terbarukan yakni 207 kg kompos atau 125 kwh listrik atau 125 kg pellet. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan produktifitas inovasi produksi energi terbarukan yang paling optimal dalam menghasilkan margin keuntungan yang paling besar. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa berdasarkan pada potensi keuntungan maksimal yang diperoleh dari masing masih proses pengelolaan limbah maka prosentase limbah yang diolah adalah dengan prosentase 19,8%; 45,5% dan 34,6%. Prosesntase limbah yang diolah tersebut akan menghasilkan produk energi terbarukan berupa kompos, biogas dan pellet dengan nilai keuntungan sebesar 6,1; 31,3 dan 54,47 US$/ton. Keseluruhan pengolahan limbah membutuhkan biaya operasional sebesar 2,34 US$ dan akan menghas...

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Oil palm cultivation and production in South America: status and perspectives

Medina

Magalhães

Zamora

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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South America is responsible for 16% of the world's agricultural production and 21% of the world's livestock. Palm harvesting has been gaining special attention, with constant growth in Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador. Fast expansion in palm plantations in the equatorial zone around the world has been motivated by an increase in farming of species such as Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, and Elaeis odora. Parallel to the increase of oil-palm harvesting, the generation of residues is an important aspect to take into consideration. This work presents an overview of palm cultivation in South America, focusing on the full use of the fruits of the palm for biodiesel production. It also discusses the status of the main projects in South America for second-generation biofuels production from governmental agencies and private institutes. From the data consulted it was determined that Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil have policies and incentives for the agrobusiness of oil-palm production.

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Evaluation of alternatives for the evolution of palm oil mills into biorefineries

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia

Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia

Evaluasi Kinerja Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Dalam Produksi Energi Terbaharukan

Oil palm cultivation and production in South America: status and perspectives

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