Evaluation of Agaricus blazei in vivo for antigenotoxic, anticarcinogenic, phagocytic and immunomodulatory activities

ABSTRACT. Previous studies in rodents treated with the pro-carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine suggested that the consumption of wheat bran protected against DNA damage in the colon and rectum. Based on this information, we evaluated wheat bran as a functional food in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. We used the aberrant crypt focus assay to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of wheat bran (Triticum aestivum Dietary wheat bran chemoprevention in vivo variety CD-104), the comet assay to evaluate its antigenotoxicity potential, and the micronucleus assay to evaluate its antimutagenic potential. The wheat bran gave good antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic responses; the DNA damage decreased from 90.30 to 26.37% and from 63.35 to 28.73%, respectively. However, the wheat bran did not significantly reduce genotoxicity. Further tests will be necessary, including tests in human beings, before this functional food can be recommended as an adjunct in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diet was supplemented with wheat grains ground and dried at a concentration of 100 g/kg as specified in a previous study conducted in Centro de Estudos em Nutrição e Genética Toxicológica with other types of fiber (Ishii et al, 2011). This prepared food was offered daily to the animals ad libitum.…”

Section: Wheat Branmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of wheat bran in vivo

Pesarini¹,

Zaninetti²,

Mauro³

et al. 2013

“…The animals were treated for 12 weeks according to the protocols suggested by Bolognani et al (2001) and Ishii et al (2011), as described below.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of inulin in vivo

Mauro¹,

Monreal²,

Silva³

et al. 2013

ABSTRACT. The incidence of colorectal cancer is growing worldwide. The characterization of compounds present in the human diet that can prevent the occurrence of colorectal tumors is vital. The oligosaccharide inulin is such a compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of inulin in vivo. Our study is based on 3 assays that are widely used to evaluate chemoprevention (comet assay, micronucleus assay, and aberrant crypt focus assay) and tests 4 protocols of treatment with inulin (pre-treatment, simultaneous, posttreatment, and pre + continuous). Experiments were carried out in Swiss male mice of reproductive age. In order to induce DNA damage, we used the pro-carcinogenic agent 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Inulin was administered orally at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight following the protocols mentioned above. Inulin was not administered to the control groups. Our data from the micronucleus assay reveal antimutagenic effects of inulin in all protocols. The percentage of inulin-induced damage reduction ranged from 47.25 to 141.75% across protocols. These data suggest that inulin could act through desmutagenic and bio-antimutagenic mechanisms. The anticarcinogenic activity (aberrant crypt focus assay) of inulin was observed in all protocols and the percentages of damage reduction ranged from 55.78 to 87.56% across protocols. Further tests, including human trials, will be necessary before this functional food can be proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.

“…In general, the induction of DNA damage (demonstrated by an elevated frequency of comets and micronuclei) is directly correlated with increased spleen phagocytic activity (Ishii et al, 2011;Gonçalves et al, 2014). Thus, this increased phagocytic activity is another potential means of clearing damaged cells, possibly indicating a new mode of action and/or behavior of the body to eliminate cells with genetic abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrocomia aculeata prevents toxicogenetic damage caused by the antitumor agent cyclophosphamide

Magosso¹,

Carvalho

Shneider³

et al. 2016

ABSTRACT. Acrocomia aculeata is a plant rich in antioxidant compounds. Studies suggest that this plant has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and diuretic potential. We assessed the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, immunomodulation, and apoptotic potentials of A. aculeata alone and in combination with an antitumor agent, cyclophosphamide. Swiss male mice (N = 140) were used. The animals were divided into 14 experimental groups as follows: a negative group, a positive group (100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide), groups that only received the oil extracted from the almond (AO) and from the pulp (PO) of A. aculeata at doses of 3, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and the associated treatment groups (oils combined with cyclophosphamide) involving pretreatment, simultaneous, and post-treatment protocols. Data suggest that both oils were chemopreventive at all doses, based on the tested protocols. The highest damage reduction percentages, observed for AO and PO were 88.19 and 90.03%, respectively, for the comet assay and 69.73 and 70.93%, respectively, for the micronucleus assay. Both AO and PO demonstrated immunomodulatory activity. The oils reduced the capacity of cyclophosphamide to trigger apoptosis in the liver, spleen, and kidney cells. These results suggest that A. aculeate AO and PO can be classified as a functional food and also enrich other functional foods and nutraceuticals with chemopreventive features. However, they are not appropriate sources for chemotherapeutic adjuvants, in particular for those used in combination with cyclophosphamide.