“…hardness, elastic modulus and hardness ratio, strain-hardening, interfacial shear strength) [1][2][3][4][5]; (ii) microstructural features (e.g. influence of the second phase particles, crystallographic orientation, deformation-induced phase transformation) [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]; (iii) material removal factor (f abwhich relates the groove and pile-up areas), degree of wear and degree of penetration [8,[14][15][16]; (iv) surface finishing (e.g. ground, mechanical and electrolytic polished surfaces) [17,18]; (v) relation between the normal load and geometric parameters of the scratch (e.g.…”