Study of angular cutting conditions using multiple scratch tests onto low carbon steel: An experimental-numerical approach

3D finite element simulation of scratch testing to quantify experimental failure mechanisms of a thin film

“…However, the distribution of these fields is difficult to determine experimentally since several phenomena are involved in the scratch test, such as elastoplasticity, fracture, and wear caused by the excessive deformations on the sample [22,23]. Theoretical models can predict the stresses generated by scratching, where the complex deformation at the indenter-surface contact has been reproduced using numerical simulation with high correspondence to the actual phenomena [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The finite element (FE) method is a suitable tool for understanding the behavior of the stress-strain field [24].…”

“…However, comparison between experimental and FE simulation data of the scratch test is usually more complicated due to the complexity of the failure mechanisms, and, in some cases, no comparison is reported at all [31]. Lofaj and Seriacopi compared experimental data, such as F t and scratch depth, with simulation results as a quantitative measurement of the reliability of the simulation [34,35]. Nevertheless, even using the most developed simulations, significant discrepancies were obtained since such F t and scratch depth showed maximum variations of more than 50% concerning the experimental data [36,37].…”