Evaluation of a modified TCLP methodology for RCRA toxicity characterization of computer CPUs

Vann, Kevin; Musson, Stephen E.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.011

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous e-waste studies (e.g., [13][14][15][16] have shown that Pb exceeds the regulatory standards according to TCLP, although at a much lower concentration than the average 87.42 mg L -1 reported in the present study. This discrepancy is likely due to two factors.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Leaching Assessments of Hazardous Materials in Cellular Telephones

Lincoln

Ogunseitan

Shapiro

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

110

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Protocols for assessing the risks of discarded electronic products (e-waste) vary across jurisdictions, complicating the tasks of manufacturers and regulators. We compared the Federal Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), California's Waste Extraction Test (WET), and the Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) on 34 phones to evaluate the consistency of hazardous waste classification. Our sample exceeded TCLP criteria only for lead (average ) 87.4 mg L -1 ; range ) 38.2-147.0 mg L -1 ; regulatory limit ) 5.0 mg L -1 ), but failed TTLC for five metals: copper (average 203 g kg -1 ; range ) 186-224 g kg -1 ; limit ) 2.50 g kg -1 ), nickel (9.25 g kg -1 ; range ) 6.34-11.20 g kg -1 ; limit ) 2.00 g kg -1 ), lead (10.14 g kg -1 ; range ) 8.22-11.60 g kg -1 ; limit ) 1.00 g kg -1 ), antimony (1.02 g kg -1 ; range ) 0.86-1.29 g kg -1 ; limit ) 0.50 g kg -1 ), and zinc (11.01 g kg -1 ; range ) 8.82-12.80 g kg -1 ; limit ) 5.00 g kg -1 ). Thresholds were not exceeded for WET. We detected several organic compounds, but at concentrations below standards. Brominated flame retardants were absent. These results improve existing environmental databases for e-waste and highlight the need to review regulatory testing for hazardous waste.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Leaching Assessments of Hazardous Materials in Cellular Telephones

Lincoln

Ogunseitan

Shapiro

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(b) Given limited sample availability, individual items rather than 100 g portions were tested, using the appropriate volume of extraction fluid based on mass of the item. Leaching of intact items via a modified TCLP has previously been reported for computer CPUs [14], on the basis that leaving items intact would be more representative of landfill conditions and that results would be more conservative as size-reduced items would be expected to leach more lead and other metals by the TCLP.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of leaching potential of highly leaded jewelry

Weidenhamer

Newman

Clever

2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…200 mL solution:10 g e-cigarette). Other researchers have scaled TCLP sample size and extraction vessel in a similar manner to maintain a 20:1 L:S ratio (Musson et al, 2006;Vann et al, 2006b). …”

Section: Experimental Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%