Hazardous waste status of discarded electronic cigarettes

Krause, Max; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.005

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This hypothesis is supported by the report that environmental lead exposure was associated with an increased prevalence of dental caries among children aged 5 to 17 years in the US population [35]. In addition, lead was measured in the leachate of disposed electronic cigarettes at levels as high as 50mg/L by the Waste Extraction Test and 40mg/L by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure [36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Cho

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundLittle is known about oral health related to electronic-cigarette (EC) use, even though EC use is increasing rapidly. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between EC use and oral health, including ‘gingival pain and/or bleeding’, ‘tongue and/or inside-cheek pain’, and ‘cracked or broken teeth’ among adolescents.MethodsA total of 65,528 students in 2016 were included in this cross-sectional study.ResultsFor EC use, 0.5% (n = 297) students were daily users, 1.9% (n = 1259) were ‘1 to 29 days past month users’, and 5.9% (n = 3848) were former users. Overall, 18.5% students reported they had experienced ‘gingival pain and/or bleeding’, 11.0% reported ‘tongue and/or inside-cheek pain’, and 11.4% reported a ‘cracked or broken tooth’ within the past 12 months. When comparing ‘daily EC users’, ‘1 to 29 days past month EC users’, and ‘former EC users’ with ‘never EC users’, the adjusted ORs for ‘cracked or broken tooth’ were 1.65 (95% CI: 1.19–2.27), 1.26 (95% CI: 1.06–1.51), and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04–1.30), respectively. Comparing ‘daily EC users’ with ‘never EC users’, the adjusted OR for ‘tongue and/or inside-cheek pain’ was 1.54 (1.05–2.26). However, EC use among adolescents was not associated with ‘gingival pain and/or bleeding’ when adjusted for the potential confounders.ConclusionsBased on the results, the odds of cracked or broken teeth among daily, ‘1 to 29 days past month’, and former EC users were significantly higher than those among never EC users. The odds of tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among daily EC users were significantly higher than those among never EC users. In conclusion, the results suggest that daily EC use among adolescents may be a risk factor for cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Cho

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…For example, according to Krause and Townsend [30], the lead concentration of electronic cigarettes exceeded the regulatory threshold by a factor of 1.5-10. Pérez-Belis et al [31] stated this was similar to concentrations found in other e-waste, such as remote controls and toys.…”

Section: Impact Of Electrical and Electronic Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Generation of Remanufactured Products: Multi-Case Study of Third-Party Companies

et al. 2019

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The importance of reverse logistics has increased owing to environmental factors and recent legislations. In this context, the market for remanufactured goods has become attractive. Manufacturers, retailers, and third-party companies have improved return programs and operations that add value to the return chain for electronic appliances, rather than treating it as a secondary process. The objective of this study is to identify the variables related to value generation in the reverse logistics of electronic products from the perspective of third-party companies. Reverse logistics of electronic products depends much on the context and local regulations; in addition, the fact that there are few studies on developing countries points to an important gap in extant research. This study presents the influence of quality and warranties, processing time, and partnerships between third-party companies, manufacturers, and retailers on the value generation from remanufactured products. These variables are related to optimal results and optimistic expectations for growth among third-party companies. These internal factors, together with an analysis of external factors and product portfolios, complement the scenario description for the cases studied. The main contribution of this study is to highlight the major factors, which are presented in the framework. The lessons learned can be used in other contexts involving third-party companies.

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“…The small size of disposable e-cigarettes facilitate their becoming e-waste, and this waste has been shown to contain lead as well as nicotine (if not fully consumed) 27. Additional research is needed to identify potential toxicants, fire risks and difficult-to-recycle materials used in making the product 28…”

Section: Core Provisions Of the Model Tobacco Waste Act And Barriers mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco industry responsibility for butts: a Model Tobacco Waste Act

et al. 2016

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Cigarette butts and other postconsumer products from tobacco use are the most common waste elements picked up worldwide each year during environmental cleanups. Under the environmental principle of Extended Producer Responsibility, tobacco product manufacturers may be held responsible for collection, transport, processing and safe disposal of tobacco product waste (TPW). Legislation has been applied to other toxic and hazardous postconsumer waste products such as paints, pesticide containers and unused pharmaceuticals, to reduce, prevent and mitigate their environmental impacts. Additional product stewardship (PS) requirements may be necessary for other stakeholders and beneficiaries of tobacco product sales and use, especially suppliers, retailers and consumers, in order to ensure effective TPW reduction. This report describes how a Model Tobacco Waste Act may be adopted by national and subnational jurisdictions to address the environmental impacts of TPW. Such a law will also reduce tobacco use and its health consequences by raising attention to the environmental hazards of TPW, increasing the price of tobacco products, and reducing the number of tobacco product retailers.

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Hazardous waste status of discarded electronic cigarettes

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: A cross-sectional study

The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Value Generation of Remanufactured Products: Multi-Case Study of Third-Party Companies

Tobacco industry responsibility for butts: a Model Tobacco Waste Act

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