Evaluation of a Haptic Feedback System for Flight Envelope Protection

Baelen, D. van; Ellerbroek, Joost; Paassen, M.M. van

doi:10.2514/6.2019-0367

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The haptic feedback system from Section II.B was tested with professional pilots in previous research, resulting in a recommendation to investigate the addition of a display to visualize the haptic cues [6]. Combining haptic feedback with a visual display could fulfill the important principle of multiple resources when presenting information [15].…”

Section: Display Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless it was found that pilots were unsure as to what triggered the haptic feedback and what corrective action to take. It was recommended that a visual representation of the haptic cuing and FE is developed to help pilots understand what the haptic feedback is telling them [6]. In combination with haptic feedback, this may assist pilots in recognizing the edges of the FE and act accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries

Rooij

Baelen

Borst

et al. 2020

AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum

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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a visual display in supplementing haptic feedback on the side stick as a way to communicate flight envelope boundaries to pilots. The design adds indications for the limits in airspeed, load factor, angle of attack and angle of bank to a standard Airbus primary flight display (PFD). The indications not only show the limits of the flight envelope, but also indicate magnitude and direction of the haptic cues. Fifteen professional Airbus pilots and one Airbus sim instructor participated in an experiment in the SIMONA Research Simulator at Delft University of Technology. Several approaches in three different scenarios were flown in alternate law with the old and new PFD, while haptic feedback was always enabled. Objective results do not show clear improvements with the new display, although the time spent outside the flight envelope is slightly reduced. Subjective results indicate a preference, however, for the new display and an increased understanding of the haptic feedback. Further research is recommended to focus on improving the design by removing unused indications and setting up an experiment with a bank scenario that allows the use of operational bank limits rather than artificially reduced limits.

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Section: Display Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries

Rooij

Baelen

Borst

et al. 2020

AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the other haptic cues used in the initial design -such as the increased stiffness of the side stick, the change of the position to which the stick returns when no force is appliedwere appreciated, these were not received as well as the discrete indications. [11] Looking at the cockpit implementation of a haptic feedback system with variable stiffness and changing neutral point, the verification, validation and certification procedure might present a huge hurdle to overcome. On the other hand, adding a 'simpler' discrete cue might be easier to implement as similar systems already exist, such as a stick shaker in Boeing aircraft, or an indication of angle of attack by a soft stop in the Gulfstream G500/G600 * .…”

Section: B Haptic Feedback Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore these experiments indicated that it was beneficial to reduce the degrees of freedom allowed to the pilot participants. [11,22] Therefore, in the present experiment the required flight trajectory is more stringent, as will be discussed below, followed by the emergency scenario encountered.…”

Section: Experiments Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment indicated that not all haptic feedback cues used were equally effective. [11] This paper presents a new iteration of the haptic feedback system for FEP, and uses asymmetric vibrations to show the activation of the FEP and a clear direction to move away from the limit. This design is simpler than our previous one, in that it lacks situation-dependent changes in device stiffness, but providing pilots with direction-specific 'ticks' on the stick is expected to be equally effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Asymmetric Vibrations for Feedback on Flight Envelope Protection

Baelen

Ellerbroek

Paassen

et al. 2020

AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum

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Modern aircraft use a variety of fly-by-wire control devices and combine these with a flight envelope protection system to limit pilot control inputs when approaching the aircraft limits. The current research project aims to increase pilot awareness of such a protection system through the use of force feedback on the control device, i.e., haptics. This paper describes a new iteration of a design with the specific aim to warn the pilot when approaching a limit and provide a clear direction of suggested control input. This is achieved by using vibrations asymmetric in both amplitude, i.e. the mean of the signal is non-zero, and time, i.e. a cue which has a rise time different from the fall time. An evaluation is performed where 24 active PPL/LAPL pilots flew a challenging vertical profile and encountered a windshear. The pilots are divided in two groups: one group performing four flights with haptic feedback, followed by four without, the other groups has a reversed order. Although acceptance ratings slightly improved when providing haptic feedback, the other metrics are unchanged when switching between haptic feedback conditions, due to a large training effect during the first four runs. The results do show that enabling the haptic feedback does seem to improve the learning rate over the first runs, and no after effects are present when feedback is removed. As such, next to the fact that most pilots indicated that they expect an improved safety, this experiment shows a potential training benefit of haptic feedback. Nomenclature Symbols b Damping, Nms/rad I Amplitude of the discrete tick, Nm k Spring, N/rad m Mass, kg n Load factor, g q Pitch rate (θ), rad/s V Velocity, m/s α Angle of attack, rad δ Control device deflection, rad θ Pitch angle, rad φ Bank angle, rad

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A Helping Hand: Benefits of Primary Task Haptic Augmentation on Secondary Visuospatial Task Performance

Collins,

Blundell,

Huddlestone

et al. 2023

HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers

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Evaluation of a Haptic Feedback System for Flight Envelope Protection

Abstract: Greek Symbols α Angle of attack, rad δ Control device deflection, rad θ Pitch angle, rad φ Roll angle, rad Roman Symbols x Distance from starting position, m F Force, N n Load factor, g q Pitch rate (θ), rads −1 k Spring, N rad −1 t Time, s V Velocity, ms −1

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries

Supplementing Haptic Feedback Through the Visual Display of Flight Envelope Boundaries

Using Asymmetric Vibrations for Feedback on Flight Envelope Protection

A Helping Hand: Benefits of Primary Task Haptic Augmentation on Secondary Visuospatial Task Performance

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