Evaluation of 24 protocols for the production of platelet-rich fibrin

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate 24 protocols for the production of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) produced via horizontal centrifugation to better understand cell separation following protocols at various times and speeds. Methods All protocols were compared utilizing a recent method to quantify cells in PRF in 1 mL sequential layers pipetted from the upper layer downwards until all 10 mL were harvested. In total, 960 complete blood counts (CBCs) were investigated. Both solid and liquid-based PRF protocols were investigated following 24 protocols involving 6 relative centrifugal force (RCF) values (100, 200, 400, 700, 1000 and 1200g) at 4 centrifugation times (3, 5, 8 and 12 min). Results In general, platelets could more easily accumulate in the upper 4 layers when compared to leukocytes owing to their lower cellular density. Protocol time seemed to have a greater impact on the final cell layer separation when compared to the effect of speed. Protocols of greater than 8 min at 400g led to no leukocyte accumulation in the upper PRF layers (found specifically within the buffy coat). Protocols at or below 200g were unable to effectively accumulate platelets/leukocytes. The optimal centrifugation speed and time for solid-PRF ranged between 400 and 700g for 8 min. It was noted that variability in patient baseline platelet/leukocyte/erythrocyte counts (hematocrit) significantly affected cell layer separation. This finding was more pronounced at lower centrifugation speeds. Conclusions Within the investigated ranges, a protocol of 700g for 8 min presented the highest yield of platelets/leukocytes evenly distributed throughout the upper PRF layers.

Platelet-Rich Fibrin Decreases the Inflammatory Response of Mesenchymal Cells

“…PRF is easily accessible and, apart from the investment into a centrifuge and consumables, is a rather low-cost treatment option. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate on the ideal protocol for PRF preparation with respect to the relative centrifugation force, the time of centrifugation, and the use of horizontal versus fixed angle centrifuges [ 31 , 32 ]. The debate also includes possible unwanted side effects of the silicone and silica particles found on blood collection tubes to prepare solid PRF [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and A-PRF Pre-Treated Implants in Severe Periodontitis: A Case Report

“…A-PRF seems to induce a faster proliferation and healing rate than leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), fibroblast grow factor (FGF), or a negative control group [ 52 ]. The implants used in this case were soaked in A-PRF, a platelet concentrate obtained after the patient’s blood was centrifuged, which worked as a coating to help clotting, neovascularization, and osteointegration [ 53 ].…”

Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Drug Carrier Increases the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Antibiotic—Clindamycin Phosphate

“…As PRF has contact with fibroblasts in the body, it is important to test the biomaterial effect on them. Precise results could be obtained after 24 h and 48 h. The reason for the vague results after 1 h, 2 h and 4 h is that PRF contains many cells, for example, leukocytes, monocytes, red blood cell platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes [33], which affected cell staining (Figure 9). It should be noted that no difference was observed between PRF samples containing CLP and those not.…”