Evaluation and analysis of exposure levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from blood bags

Inoue, Kōichi; Kawaguchi, Migaku; Yamanaka, Retsuji; Higuchi, Tae; Ito, Rie; Saito, Koichi; Nakazawa, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.02.019

Cited by 113 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This heavy use is an important consideration given the extensive amounts of one-time-use materials that are consumed in hospitals. As such, Table 1 provides data on the leaching of DEHP from some commonly used hospital equipment, such as infusion sets (Bagel et al 2011;Rose et al 2012), tubings (Takehisa et al 2005), PVC storage bags (Demore et al 2002;Veiga et al 2012), and PVC blood bags (Buchta et al 2005;Inoue et al 2005;Jaeger and Rubin 1972;Peck et al 1979;Rock et al 1978). Concentrations of DEHP in leachates from such equipment are significantly greater than what has been reported in water and foods, as was discussed above.…”

Section: Hospital Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Erythropel

Marić

Nicell

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

346

182

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Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer to render poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) soft and malleable. Plasticized PVC is used in hospital equipment, food wrapping, and numerous other commercial and industrial products. Unfortunately, plasticizers can migrate within the material and leach out of it over time, ending up in the environment and, frequently, the human body. DEHP has come under increased scrutiny as its breakdown products are believed to be endocrine disruptors and more toxic than DEHP itself. DEHP and its breakdown products have been identified as ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and daily human exposure is estimated to be in the microgram per kilogram level. The objective of this review is to summarize and comment on published sources of DEHP exposure and to give an overview of its environmental fate. Exposure through bottled water was examined specifically, as this concern is raised frequently, yet only little exposure to DEHP occurs through bottled water, and DEHP exposure is unlikely to stem from the packaging material itself. Packaged food was also examined and showed higher levels of DEHP contamination compared to bottled water. Exposure to DEHP also occurs in hospital environments, where DEHP leaches directly into liquids that passed through PVC/DEHP tubing and equipment. The latter exposure is at considerably higher levels compared to food and bottled water, specifically putting patients with chronic illnesses at risk. Overall, levels of DEHP in food and bottled water were below current tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. However, our understanding of the risks of DEHP exposure is still evolving. Given the prevalence of DEHP in our atmosphere and environment, and the uncertainty revolving around it, the precautionary principle would suggest its phaseout and replacement. Increased efforts to develop viable replacement compounds, which necessarily includes rigorous leaching, toxicity, and impact assessment studies, are needed before alternative plasticizers can be adopted as viable replacements.

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Section: Hospital Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Erythropel

Marić

Nicell

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

346

182

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“…Maximum level of human exposure to DEHP released from blood bags is 0.7 mg/kg bw/time [4]. Humans undergoing intensive therapeutic interventions are exposed to higher levels of DEHP than the general population [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commercially used plasticizer in PVC medical devices, such as IV and blood bags, typically contain 10-40% DEHP by weight; other devices, such as medical tubing may contain as much as 80% DEHP by weight [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Phthalate Exposure among Hospitalized Patient via Intravenous Fluids Receiving

Rastegari

Amin

Ebrahimpour

2017

IJT

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“…Recently, DEHP was determined in medical products (Inoue et al, 2005;Ito et al, 2005), and simultaneous analysis of both DEHP and MEHP was performed in several biological fluids, such as serum and plasma (Paris et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2006), in urine Preuss et al, 2005;Calafat et al, 2006), in amniotic fluid and human milk by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC with diode‐array detection for the simultaneous determination of di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in seminal plasma

Mazzeo

Pasquale

Ruggieri

et al. 2007

Biomedical Chromatography

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A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its major metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in seminal plasma was developed and validated. The method involves liquid-liquid extraction followed by isocratic reversed-phase chromatography with diode-array detection. The recovery, selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated from the analysis of spiked seminal plasma samples. The effect of mobile-phase composition and pH on the retention of the target analytes was investigated. The limits of detection were 0.010 and 0.015 microg/mL, for DEHP and MEHP, respectively. This method was used to analyze real samples in support of clinical studies on these potential endocrine disruptors.

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Evaluation and analysis of exposure levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from blood bags

Cited by 113 publications

References 8 publications

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Risk of Phthalate Exposure among Hospitalized Patient via Intravenous Fluids Receiving

HPLC with diode‐array detection for the simultaneous determination of di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in seminal plasma

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