Quality control policies towards Dutch vocational schools have changed dramatically because the government questioned examination quality. Schools must now demonstrate assessment quality to a new Examination Quality Center. Since teachers often design assessments, they must be involved in quality issues. This study therefore explores teachers' opinions on assessment quality evaluation criteria. Pre-vocational and vocational teachers (N ¼ 211) responded to a questionnaire. Contrary to expectations, results show that teachers deem classical and competency-based quality criteria equally important. Vocational teachers gave higher importance scores than pre-vocational teachers, possibly due to the pressure they experience to improve the quality of their assessments. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. There is a strong pressure on educational institutes and teachers to become more competency-based, so as to better meet the changing demands of the labor market. This has important consequences for student assessment because of the strong relationship that exists between instruction, learning and assessment. Assessment, learning and instruction should be aligned with each other (i.e. focus on the same learning outcomes). Also, assessment appears to strongly influence both how students learn and how teachers teach, causing both students and teachers to focus on what the assessment requires (e.g. Alderson & Wall, 1993;Biggs, 1999;Birenbaum, 2003;Frederiksen, 1984). A study focusing on how teachers connect instruction and assessment showed that teachers spend more than 35% of their time on assessment and more than 10% on assessment-driven instruction (Conca, Schechter, & Castle, 2004). A possible problem here is that while learning and instruction are increasingly competency-based, the development of adequate methods to assess those competencies appears to be lagging behind. The past decade has seen a number of new assessment forms, such as performance assessment, authentic ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/tate 0742-051X/$ -see front matter r