Evaluating physicochemical constraints of Calcarosols on wheat yield in the Victorian southern Mallee

Nuttall, James G.; Armstrong, Roger; Connor, David J.

doi:10.1071/ar02168

Cited by 91 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Presence of subsoil constraints generally results in poor harvest index, resulting from either smaller grain size or reduced grain yield due to restricted ability of the roots to extract stored water in the subsoil during grain fill (Nuttall et al 2003). However, in the present study, the relatively high harvest index reported for 5 crop species (Table 3) could be due to soft finish during 2004 (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Subsoil Constraints On Water Extraction and Crop contrasting

confidence: 51%

Subsoil constraints in Vertosols: crop water use, nutrient concentration, and grain yields of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, chickpea, and canola

Dang¹,

Routley²,

McDonald³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. Single or multiple factors implicated in subsoil constraints including salinity, sodicity, and phytotoxic concentrations of chloride (Cl) are present in many Vertosols including those occurring in Queensland, Australia. The variable distribution and the complex interactions that exist between these constraints limit the agronomic or management options available to manage the soil with these subsoil constraints. The identification of crops and cultivars adapted to these adverse subsoil conditions and/or able to exploit subsoil water may be an option to maintain productivity of these soils. We evaluated relative performance of 5 winter crop species, in terms of grain yields, nutrient concentration, and ability to extract soil water, grown on soils with various levels and combinations of subsoil constraints in 19 field experiments over 2 years. Subsoil constraints were measured by levels of soil Cl, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (EC se ), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Increasing levels of subsoil constraints significantly decreased maximum depth of water extraction, grain yield, and plant-available water capacity for all the 5 crops and more so for chickpea and durum wheat than bread wheat, barley, or canola. Increasing soil Cl levels had a greater restricting effect on water availability than did EC se and ESP. We developed empirical relationships between soil Cl, EC se , and ESP and crop lower limit (CLL) for estimating subsoil water extraction by 5 winter crops. However, the presence of gypsum influenced the ability to predict CLL based on the levels of EC se . Stronger relationships between apparent unused plant-available water (CLL -LL15; LL15 is lower limit at −1.5 MPa) and soil Cl concentrations than ESP or EC se suggested that the presence of high Cl in these soils most likely inhibited the subsoil water extraction by the crops. This was supported by increased sodium (Na) and Cl concentration with a corresponding decrease in calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) in young mature leaf of bread wheat, durum wheat, and chickpea with increasing levels of subsoil constraints. Of the 2 ions, Na and Cl, the latter appears to be more damaging than the former, resulting in plant dieback and reduced grain yields.

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Section: Effects Of Subsoil Constraints On Water Extraction and Crop contrasting

confidence: 51%

Subsoil constraints in Vertosols: crop water use, nutrient concentration, and grain yields of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, chickpea, and canola

Dang¹,

Routley²,

McDonald³

et al. 2006

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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“…This suggests that significant yield losses are likely to occur when current lentil varieties are grown on such soils, and the greater B-tolerance identified in this study is significant. Targeted breeding efforts to improve B-tolerance of wheat have been in progress since the mid 1980's and a recent study by Nuttall et al (2003a) concluded that the B-tolerance level of the wheat variety Frame was sufficiently high that yield was poorly correlated with soil-B concentration. This indicates that levels of B tolerance in current wheat varieties such as Frame are adequate to alleviate yield losses due to B in southern Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm to high concentrations of soil boron

Hobson

Armstrong²,

Nicolas

et al. 2006

Euphytica

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For lentil production to expand further in Australia, adaptation to the less favourable soils of the low to medium rainfall zones is required. To improve adaptation to these regions, varieties are required with increased tolerance to soil constraints such as high concentrations of boron (B), salinity and sodicity. To evaluate the range of B tolerance in lentil germplasm, 310 lines were screened in soil with a high concentration of B and tolerance was assessed at the seedling stage. A wide range in response to high concentrations of soil B was observed in the germplasm tested. Current Australian varieties were generally very intolerant to high concentrations of soil B. High levels of B tolerance was identified in germplasm originating from Afghanistan and Ethiopia. A subsequent experiment comparing lentils with different levels of B tolerance found that tolerant accessions (ILL213A and ILL2024) produced greater above and below ground biomass than intolerant accessions. The tolerant accessions had no significant yield loss under a high B treatment (extractable B = 18.20 mg/kg) compared to the control treatment (extractable B = 1.55 mg/kg). The large improvement in B tolerance, at soil concentrations typical of those found in the target regions, suggests there is potential to improve the tolerance level of adapted varieties and expand lentil production areas to regions with higher concentrations of soil B.

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“…Comparing the grain yields of both barley and wheat genotypes grown at the sodic site to the grain yields at the non-sodic site, significantly higher ESP to a depth of 0.6 m in the sodic soil resulted in reduced grain yields of both barley and wheat genotypes. It has been shown that ESP > 6% in the surface soil [25] and >19% in the subsoil [9] reduces the grain yield of most crops. Grain yield on sodic soils is often less than 50% of the potential yield [29].…”

Section: Genetic Variation Indicates That the Crop Performance Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity in Barley and Wheat for Tolerance to Soil Constraints

2016

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Surface soil sodicity as well as subsoil salinity, acidity, and phytotoxic concentrations of chloride (Cl) are major soil constraints to crop production in many soils of sub-tropical, north-eastern Australia. The identification of genotypes tolerant to these soil constraints may be an option to maintain and improve productivity on these soils. We evaluated performance of 11 barley and 17 wheat genotypes grown on two sites <0.5 km apart. Compared to the non-sodic site, the sodic site had significantly higher Cl concentration (>800 mg·Cl·kg −1 ) in the subsoil (0.9-1.3 m soil depth) and higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (>6%) in the surface and subsoil. Barley grain yield and plant available water capacity (PAWC) were reduced between 5%-25% and 40%-66%, respectively, for different genotypes at the sodic site as compared to the non-sodic site. For wheat genotypes, grain yield was between 8% and 33% lower at the sodic site compared to the non-sodic site and PAWC was between 3% and 37% lower. Most barley and wheat genotypes grown at the sodic site showed calcium (Ca) deficiency symptoms on younger leaves. Analysis of the youngest fully mature leaf (YML) confirmed that genotypes grown at the sodic site with Ca concentration < 0.2% exhibited deficiency symptoms. Grain yields of both barley and wheat genotypes grown on the sodic and non-sodic sites increased significantly with increasing Ca and K in YML and decreased significantly with increasing Na and Cl concentrations in YML. Sodium (Na) concentrations in YML of wheat genotypes grown at the sodic site were 10-fold higher than those from the non-sodic site whereas this increase was only two-fold in barley genotypes. In step-wise regression, the PAWC of barley and wheat genotypes grown on sodic and non-sodic sites was the principal determinant of variability of barley and wheat grain yield. Including the Ca concentration in the YML of wheat genotypes and K:Na ratio in the YML of barley genotypes significantly improved the prediction of grain yield in the regression analysis. Barley genotypes, Mackay and Kaputar, were relatively susceptible while Baronesse and Grout were relatively more tolerant to sodicity. Wheat genotypes Gregory and Stampede were generally relatively more susceptible to sodicity, and genotypes Baxter, Hume, and the experimental line HSF1-255 were relatively more tolerant than the former group.

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Evaluating physicochemical constraints of Calcarosols on wheat yield in the Victorian southern Mallee

Cited by 91 publications

References 29 publications

Subsoil constraints in Vertosols: crop water use, nutrient concentration, and grain yields of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, chickpea, and canola

Subsoil constraints in Vertosols: crop water use, nutrient concentration, and grain yields of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, chickpea, and canola

Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm to high concentrations of soil boron

Genetic Diversity in Barley and Wheat for Tolerance to Soil Constraints

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