Eucalyptus oil poisoning in childhood: 41 cases in south‐east Queensland

Webb, Nathalie; Pitt, W. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00537.x

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While 80% of 42 children with eucalyptus poisoning remained asymptomatic in one study, 15 of victims. Diagnosis is evident after accidental ingestion of eucalyptus oil because of its pungent odor on the breath.…”

Section: Eucalyptus Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 92%

Essential Oil Poisoning

Woolf¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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Section: Eucalyptus Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 92%

Essential Oil Poisoning

Woolf¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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“…These signi® cant quantities would be toxic to many animal species, including humans (Jenner et al 1964, Patel and Wiggins 1980, Webb and Pitt 1993, Barnes 1996. Therefore, marsupial eucalypt folivores, such as the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), have developed the ability to detoxify and eliminate large quantities of such compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

2000

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1. The metabolic fate of 1,8-cineole was investigated in the brushtail possum. Six possums were fed an artificial diet to which 0.5% 1,8-cineole (wet weight) was added for 2 days. Urine and faeces were collected after the second day. A sample of each was extracted into ethyl acetate and analysed for metabolites. Both free and total levels of metabolites were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS and quantified by GC-MS. 2. The pattern of metabolite excretion was very complex in the brushtail possum. Nineteen metabolites were found in total. Metabolites were categorized into four groups according to the oxidation they had undergone: hydroxycineoles (n = 3), cineolic acids (n = 2), dihydroxycineoles (n = 3) and hydroxycineolic acids (n = 11). No hydroxycineolic acid metabolites have been previously reported as metabolites of 1,8-cineole. 3. Fractional recovery of the ingested dose (2.4 +/- 0.5 g; mean +/- SD) was 0.44 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- SD) in 24 h. Sixty percent of excreted metabolites were hydroxycineolic acids, the most extensively oxidized metabolites. Conjugation with glucuronic acid was inversely related to metabolite polarity, being greatest for hydroxycineoles (41-82%) and minimal for hydroxycineolic acids. 4. Traces of most metabolites were also found in the faeces.

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“…Adverse effects of terpenes on animals and humans have been reported in the literature and generally indicate CNS depression as a major mode of action for toxicity (Jenner et al 1964;Patel and Wiggins 1980;Webb and Pitt 1993;Whitman and Ghazizadeh 1993). In the present study, there was evidence of CNS depression after the i.v.…”

Section: Intravenous Dosing Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Pharmacokinetics of 1,8-cineole, a dietary toxin, in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula): Significance for feeding

McLean¹,

Boyle²,

Brandon³

et al. 2007

Xenobiotica

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1,8-Cineole (cineole) is a Eucalyptus leaf toxin that defends against predation by herbivores such as the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). The aim of the current study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cineole in the possum to improve understanding about how possums can avoid cineole toxicity when eating a Eucalyptus diet. Nine male possums were trapped in the wild and acclimated to captivity; a subcutaneous port was then implanted for venous blood sampling. Cineole was administered intravenously (10 and 15 mg kg(-1)) via a lateral tail vein and orally (30, 100 and 300 mg kg(-1)) by gavage, and blood concentrations of cineole and its metabolites were determined by gas chromatography. Cineole had a large terminal volume of distribution (V(z) = 27 l kg(-1)) and a high clearance (43 ml min(-1) kg(-1)), equal to hepatic blood flow. The terminal half-life was approximately 7 h. Oral bioavailability was low (F = 0.05) after low doses, but increased tenfold with dose, probably due to saturable first-pass metabolism. These findings indicate that when possums feed on a cineole diet, they eat until the cineole consumed is sufficient to saturate pre-systemic metabolism, leading to a rapid rise in bioavailability and cineole blood levels, and a cessation of the feeding bout. This is the first report on the pharmacokinetics of a dietary toxin in a wild herbivore, and provides insights into the interactions between the blood concentration of a plant secondary metabolite and the browsing behaviour of a herbivore.

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Eucalyptus oil poisoning in childhood: 41 cases in south‐east Queensland

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Essential Oil Poisoning

Essential Oil Poisoning

Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Pharmacokinetics of 1,8-cineole, a dietary toxin, in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula): Significance for feeding

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