Etno-avaliação da humanização hospitalar pelo usuário do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e seus mediadores

Abstract

RESUMOA pesquisa teve por objetivo etno-avaliar a humanização da assistência hospitalar na percepção de usuários hospitalizados. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a julho de 2005, em hospital público de Fortaleza-CE, por meio do percurso do paciente. Participaram 13 usuários hospitalizados. A aná-lise foi realizada pela técnica de análise categorial, originando as categorias: etnoavaliação da estrutura e dinâmica hospitalar, da imagem hospitalar e da competên-cia profissional humana e técnica. Os usuá-rios utilizavam múltiplas facetas para suavizar suas opiniões, sendo desvelados fatores incluídos nessas facetas, denominados mediadores da etno-avaliação, e os categorizaram em: condições da entrevista, condição socioeconômica, personalidade e religiosidade do usuário, discurso irônico, diagnóstico sombrio e necessidades atendidas e experiência anterior de hospitalização. Elementos revelados pelos pacientes são significativos para mobilizar profissionais e gestores com vistas a mudanças que promovam a humanização e incluam o usuário como etno-avaliador crítico social. DESCRITORES ABSTRACTThis study was aimed at evaluating the humanization of hospital care ethnically, as perceived by the hospitalized patients. Data were collected from 13 inpatients from January to July/2005 in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, according to the patient's circuit. This analysis yielded the following categories: ethnic evaluation of the hospital structure and dynamics, hospital and professional image, human and technical competence. The subjects used multiple aspects to soften their opinions, unveiling factors named mediators of the ethnical evaluation. Such aspects were categorized into: conditions of the interview, socio-economic status, user's personality and religiousness, ironic speech, somber diagnosis and necessities met, and prior hospitalization experiences. The elements revealed by the patients are significant in order to encourage professionals and mediators to mobilize towards humanizing changes, including the user as a social and critical ethnic evaluator.

Atenção centrada no paciente na prática interprofissional colaborativa

“…These studies focused on PCC in connection with the following aspects: 1) Enlarged healthcare perspective, 2) Patients' participation in care and 3) Humane care. In regard to the Enlargement of the healthcare perspective there is a cluster of contributions on holistic care 13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , comprehensive care 13,20,[24][25][26][27][28] and health needs oriented care 13,19,21,22,24,25,28,29 .…”

“…The need to improve the relationship patient-provider was cited as a basic condition to PCC 19,21,24,25,30 , both in the sense of valuing the human condition 19,24 , in the improvement of quality of care 22,24,25,28,30,31 The ECA is a part of the NPHC and has the aim of enlarging the focus of clinical work, involving the patients' subjectivity. It is also an approach that aims to include not only curative, but also prevention, rehabilitation and palliative care in the clinical activities as a contribution to the autonomy of users.…”

“…In the Patients' participation perspective the contributions cluster around the concepts autonomy 21,[24][25][26]30 , self-care 12,19,21,22,29,31 , valuing experience 20,23 and patients' participation 13,21,28,32 .…”

“…The need to improve the relationship patient-provider was cited as a basic condition to PCC 19,21,24,25,30 , both in the sense of valuing the human condition 19,24 , in the improvement of quality of care 22,24,25,28,30,31 or for therapeutic success 26 . Several values are underlined as crucial for PCC: empathy, respect, solidarity 30 , listening, psychosocial support 27 , sensitivity, affection, dialogue in healthcare 25 , receptivity and rapport 20,24 .…”

“…These studies focused on PCC in connection with the following aspects: 1) Enlarged healthcare perspective, 2) Patients' participation in care and 3) Humane care. In regard to the Enlargement of the healthcare perspective there is a cluster of contributions on holistic care 13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , comprehensive care 13,20,[24][25][26][27][28] and health needs oriented care 13,19,21,22,24,25,28,29 .In the Patients' participation perspective the contributions cluster around the concepts autonomy 21,[24][25][26]30 , self-care 12,19,21,22,29,31 , valuing experience 20,23 and patients' participation 13,21,28,32 .Patients' participation in care is defined as an opportunity for the exercise of citizens' rights in the quest for autonomy (related to ideas of freedom, leading role, COMUNICAÇÃO SAÚDE EDUCAÇÃO 2016; 20(59):905-16 respect for subjectivity 33 as an important condition for self-care 19,20,33 . The concept of self-care is understood as a way of managing the healthcare process, implying the collaboration of the health te...…”