Etiological study of urinary bladder carcinoma in patients presenting to tertiary care centre

Abstract

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the urinary tract. Lately, there has been an increased incidence of urothelial neoplasia due to exposure to a wide range of potentially carcinogenic substances. Studies of involved factors led to the concept of existence of a so-called malignization terrain, which claims that individual genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to carcinogens act synergistically leading to the appearance of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Aim of the research was to find out the common etiological factors of bladder cancer in this part of India.Methods: The study included 100 patients of bladder carcinoma reporting to Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar from March 2018 to December 2019. A detailed history was taken to have the insight of various etiological factors of the disease. The data was entered in Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: The most common blood group associated with CA UB was A +ve (39%) followed by B +ve (29%). 89% of the cases of CA UB were non-smokers predominantly attributed to type of patients coming to our tertiary care institute which are from a rural background (73%) and are mostly Sikhs (80%) and Sikhs are traditionally non-smokers. 80% were farmers by occupation who have exposure to pesticides, insecticides, weedicides and herbicides routinely.Conclusion: In our study majority of the patients turned out to be non-smokers and A +ve blood group in contrast to the strong predilection of smoking and bladder cancer.

Androgen receptor modulation and bladder cancer prevention – a short review

“…France [41] Farmers, labourers (dye, chemical, fertilizer industry), housewives, businessmen pesticides, insecticides, weedicides, herbicides India [47] Agriculturists pesticides Iran [46] Military community diverse carcinogens Iran [101] Factories using asbestos (asbestos cement, rolling stock, shipbuilding, glasswork, harbours, insulation and other industries)…”

“…Considerable concern about cancer risk exists among agriculturists, farmers, firefighters, mechanics, aluminum smelting workers. Agriculturists and farmers are potentially exposed to a number of known and suspected carcinogens including pesticides, insecticides, weedicides and herbicides [46,47]. Firefighters constitute another professional group that is exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls, PAHs, asbestos, diesel exhaust, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and circadian disruption being a result of shift work [39].…”