Ethnic and national identity among second‐generation immigrant adolescents in France: The role of social context and family

Abstract

This study, based on 365 second‐generation adolescents from five ethnic groups, examined the cultural identity according to two orientations (ethnic and national) including two components (affirmation and exploration). Parents (356 mothers, 292 fathers) are also interviewed. Following ecological models of development and acculturation, multiple layers of context and their influence were analyzed: socialization with peers (ethnic composition of school and friends), the perception of discrimination and several aspects of parent–adolescent relationship including the perception of adolescent of their relationship with parents and both mothers’ and fathers’ reports on their own ethnic and national enculturation practices and on their parental styles. Ethnic and national affirmations were found to be two independent orientations. Regression analysis showed that the highest explanation of variance came from the adolescent's perception of their relationship with their parents, followed by parental enculturation, and perceived discrimination. The school and peer context explained a lesser amount of variance. Parents’ contribution to cultural identity is not limited to the ethnic orientation; parents also contribute in a positive way to national identity. The parents’ contribution was different in the case of mothers and fathers. This reflects the dynamic of acculturation within immigrant families.

A comparative study on the health and well-being of adolescent immigrants in Spain and Portugal

“…Moreover, the mothers' level of education, usually considered as an indicator of the social status of origin, was significantly associated with mood and psychological well-being. This result does support previous literature (Feliciano, 2005;Sabatier, 2008). More specifically, the educational level of the parents and family wealth (material factors such as computers, leisure, books, etc.)…”

“…Nevertheless, there is substantial variety of resources and needs among immigrants from different countries and on the social status of origin. The individual and family characteristics, purposes for immigrating, and the social context that families encounter when they arrive, play an important part in the origin of these differences (Feliciano, 2005;Hernandez et al, 2009;Sabatier, 2008).…”

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“…Dans le cas où la personne apprend plusieurs langues, il est établi que cet apprentissage ne s'effectue pas en silos distincts mais dans le cadre plutôt de multiples « circulations interlinguistiques » (Sabatier, 2008). La question du passage d'une langue à l'autre suppose une compréhension plus précise du développement langagier bi/plurilingue et du potentiel qu'il présente pour l'enseignement des langues premières et secondes (Lüdi et Py, 2003), ainsi que la prise en compte de la dimension contrastive entre les langues concernées.…”

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“…Exploring these notions further in relation to identity, Quintana (2007) noted that during early adolescence, encounters with discrimination stimulates and increases over time, a sense of minority racialethnic identification, exploration and development. Whereas, Sabatier (2008), in her study of 395 second-generation immigrant adolescents in France, noted that ethnic and national affirmations were found to be two independent orientations, as such, were not situated along a single bipolar axis. Moreover, Sabatier went on to suggest, sources of influence on 'identity-in-context' namely: social, peer relationships, perception of discrimination, family socialization, perception of family relationships, finally parental contribution; had, to varying degrees (some more than others) impacted on both national and ethnic identity.…”

“…Included also, whether there are in fact long-term consequences of parental minority identity exploration and affirmation on the next generation's human Identity and Difference capital accumulation (Schuller, 2015;Iwamoto, Negi, Partiali and Creswell, 2013;Sabatier, 2008). Certainly, from the perspective of ethnic SMEs, it is this notion of human capital that the second-generation bring to entrepreneurship (Ram and Jones, 2008;Jones at el., 2012).…”