Ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia serpentina alleviates copper induced genotoxicity and hepatic impairments in spotted snakehead fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

Abstract

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the plausible efficacy of ethanolic extract of Rauwolfia serpentina to mitigate copper induced toxicity by investigating cytogenetic biomarkers, i.e., chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) formation; assessment of biochemical changes in liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and estimation of protein levels in a freshwater spotted snakehead fish(Channa punctatus). Methodology: The experiment was carried out in six groups, each having 15 specimens for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. Group I served as control. Groups II and III were maintained with 3 mg l-1 of Rauwolfia root extract and 0.4 mg l-1 of Cu2+, respectively. Groups IV, V, and VI were simultaneously co-exposed with 0.4 mg l-1 of Cu2+ and three different concentrations of Rauwolfia root extract 1, 2 and 3 mg l-1, respectively. For the genotoxicity assessment, blood and kidney tissues were used. Hepatic impairments were assessed after each exposure period. Results: A significant increase (p<0.05) in chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, activity of liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and a decrease in protein level were recorded in Group III in comparison to the control. Groups co-exposed with Cu2+and Rauwolfia serpentine showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cytogenetic biomarkers, activity of liver enzymes and an increase in protein levels, as compared to Group III, with respect to control in a dose dependent manner. Interpretation: Thus, result of the present investigation establish the efficacy of R. serpentina root extract against Cu2+ induced toxicity in spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus).

Histological Disruptive Effects of Tau-Fluvalinate in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Testis

“…As a result of cypermethrin exposure in the testicular tissue of Channa punctatus, clustering and vacuolization among spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubule and deteriorated spermatids occurred [22]. Staicu et al [23] determined that there was a decrease in sperm count in Corassius auratus gibelio exposed to deltamethrin for 14 days.…”

Perturbations in Redox Status, Biochemical Indices, and Expression of XBP1s and NOX4 in the Livers of Channa Punctatus Following Exposure to Mancozeb

“…Increases in liver biomarker enzymes, such as ALT, AST, and ALP, is indicative of liver ailments. The activity of ALT, AST, and ALP was thus estimated using the method of Trivedi et al 29,30 TB levels were recorded using the modified method of Perry et al 31 The activity of ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes are represented in IU/L of serum. 32 TB was calculated using the method adopted by Bharti and Rasool.…”

The Combined Use of Copper Sulfate and Trichlorfon Exerts Stronger Toxicity on the Liver of Zebrafish

“…Some studies choose the concentration of copper sulfate as the concentration unit, while others choose the concentration of Cu 2+ as the concentration unit. For example, 4 mg/L of (1/10 dose of LC50) copper sulfate was confirmed to have harmful effects on the fertility of male Nile tilapia [ 10 ], while 0.4 mg/L of Cu 2+ induced genotoxicity and hepatic impairments in spotted snakehead fish [ 11 ]. Meanwhile, studies have demonstrated that a prophylactic bath treatment in copper sulphate has short physical impacts on pikeperch, and the treatment does not significantly impact the health condition of pikeperch [ 12 ].…”