Estrogen and calcium handling proteins: new discoveries and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases

Jiao, Lijuan; Machuki, Jeremiah Ong’achwa; Wu, Qi; Shi, Mingjin; Fu, Lu; Adekunle, Adebayo Oluwafemi; Xi, Tao; Xu, Chenxi; Hu, Xide; Yin, Zhuoran; Sun, Hong

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2019

“…Estrogens are potent vasoactive hormones that promote vascular remodeling and elasticity, and they can regulate reactive dilation and local inflammatory activity [33], as well as endothelial vasodilator dysfunction after estrogen deficiency [34,35]. Estrogens also play a key role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, and thus fine-tuning the normal process of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation [36]. Of course, it has also been suggested that this increased risk is associated with an increase in luteinizing hormone [37] or modulation of T cells [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis: Early Age at Natural Menopause and Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality

Huan

¹

,

Deng

²

,

He

³

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Aims. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively evaluate the association of early age at natural menopause with the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Methods. Literature retrieval was done on August 4, 2020. Article selection and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Early age at natural menopause was grouped into premature menopause (<40 years), early menopause (40-44 years), and relatively early menopause (45-49 years). Effect-size estimates are summarized as hazard ratio (HR) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Sixteen articles involving 321,233 women were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed a statistically significant association of early age at natural menopause with all-cause mortality risk ( H R adjusted = 1.08 , 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14, P = 0.002 ; R R adjusted = 1.05 , 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08, P = 0.005 ), but not with cardiovascular mortality risk. In dose-response analyses, the association with all-cause mortality was significant for premature menopause with ( H R adjusted = 1.10 ; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.21; P = 0.034 ) and without ( R R adjusted = 1.34 ; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.66; P = 0.007 ) considering follow-up intervals. As for cardiovascular mortality, marginal significance was noted for premature menopause after considering follow-up intervals ( HR = 1.09 ; 95% CI: 1.00-1.19; P = 0.045 ). Subgroup analyses indicated that gender, country, and follow-up periods were possible causes of heterogeneity. There was an overall low probability of publication bias. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that premature menopause is a promising independent risk factor for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

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“…Most human estrogen receptors (ERs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that belong to the steroid family. Two ERs have been discovered so far: the classic nuclear estrogen receptor (nER) and the membrane estrogen receptor (mER) [ 29 ]. The nER has two subtypes: ER α and ER β [ 30 ].…”

Section: Estrogen Receptor (Er)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress

Du

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Zhou

³

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation has shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is lower than that in men, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in men. This phenomenon reveals that estrogen has a definite protective effect on the cardiovascular system. In the cardiovascular system, oxidative stress is considered important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia. From the perspective of oxidative stress, estrogen plays a regulatory role in the cardiovascular system through the estrogen receptor, providing strategies for the treatment of menopausal women with cardiovascular diseases.

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“…It is well-known that the prevalence of CVD in PMW is higher than that of premenopausal women and men of the same age, because estrogen deficiency is considered an important factor leading to cardiovascular diseases (19). Nevertheless, physical activity, sleep quality in menopausal women, and their effects on CVD risk, there is a few study that evaluates all aspects (20,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women in the Postmenoposal Period in Turkey

Karahan

¹

,

Suvak

²

,

Görpelioğlu

³

2021

Konuralp Tıp Dergisi

0

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Objective: Menopause is a period of life in which women are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and sleep problems. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on CVR and sleep quality in women in this period. Methods: The study was conducted with 342 postmenopausal women (PMW) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria who applied to the outpatient clinic between August and December 2018 at Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital. Women were given sociodemographic data form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form(IPAQ-SF), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) , calculated CVR estimation with Framingham formulation. The data were evaluated with SPSS 23 program. Results: In our study the mean age of women was 60.77 ± 9.2 years. The rate of patients with a 10-year CVR was 66.1%. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQI) scorewas 9.05 ± 4.33 and the rate of good sleep quality (PSQI ≤5) was 24.6%. Physical activity (PA) level was found to be 848.68 ± 1213.08 MET-min /week. It was observed that the state of being physically inactive was associated with the presence of a diagnosis of hypertension (p = 0.026). It was observed that those with severe PA levels in women had low body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.035), and increased CVD as the BMI and daytime dysfunction increased. Cardiovascular risk (CVR), sleep quality score and subparameters did not change according to physical activity. While there was a significant difference between the severity of PA level and Framingham risk score (FRS) (p = 0.032), those with high PA levels had the lowest FRS. Sleep quality and subparameters did not change according to PA level. In the presence of obesity, CVR, habitual sleep afficiency and sleep disorder component scores were shown to increase. Conclusions: From the pre-menopausal period, women should be directed to perform appropriate PA to reduce obesity and prevent the onset or progression of CVD. Sleep hygiene trainings can be given to improve sleep quality in the postmenopausal period.

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Estrogen and calcium handling proteins: new discoveries and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 33 publications

References 151 publications

Meta-analysis: Early Age at Natural Menopause and Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality

Meta-analysis: Early Age at Natural Menopause and Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality

Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress

Evaluation of the Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women in the Postmenoposal Period in Turkey

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