Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress

Du, Xiang; Liu, Yang; Zhou, Shaolin; Zhou, Encheng; Wang, Yanfeng

doi:10.1155/2021/5523516

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…In the case of the male population, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases linearly over time, and the atherosclerotic process develops continuously. On the other hand, due to the protective role of estrogen and its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, women of a fertile age may be protected from atherosclerosis [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. This statement is consistent with our observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Phenotyping for Acute Heart Failure—Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Approach

et al. 2022

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Acute heart failure (AHF) is a life-threatening, heterogeneous disease requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. The clinical severity and medical procedures differ according to a complex interplay between the deterioration cause, underlying cardiac substrate, and comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the natural phenotypic heterogeneity of the AHF population and evaluate the possibilities offered by clustering (unsupervised machine-learning technique) in a medical data assessment. We evaluated data from 381 AHF patients. Sixty-three clinical and biochemical features were assessed at the admission of the patients and were included in the analysis after the preprocessing. The K-medoids algorithm was implemented to create the clusters, and optimization, based on the Davies-Bouldin index, was used. The clustering was performed while blinded to the outcome. The outcome associations were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional-hazards regressions. The algorithm distinguished six clusters that differed significantly in 58 variables concerning i.e., etiology, clinical status, comorbidities, laboratory parameters and lifestyle factors. The clusters differed in terms of the one-year mortality (p = 0.002) and two-year mortality (p = 0.002). Using the clustering techniques, we extracted six phenotypes from AHF patients with distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes. Our results can be valuable for future trial constructions and customized treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Phenotyping for Acute Heart Failure—Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Approach

et al. 2022

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“…The findings in the Austrian study appear to be different to that reported previously in younger individuals, where it was shown that men tend to have a higher rate of DNA damage than women [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], however, data in elderly people are rare. At younger age females usually show a better lifestyle and higher level of oestrogen, which provides them with a better defence system against free radical species [ 37 ]. This is diminished in elderly postmenopausal women and the advantage of women gradually disappears after menopause, which leads e.g., to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women than men of the same age, a trend that is largely attributed to the role of female oestrogen [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Elevated Protein Intake on DNA Damage in Older People: Comparative Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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A high protein intake at old age is important for muscle protein synthesis, however, this could also trigger protein oxidation with the potential risk for DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased protein intake at recommended level or well above would affect DNA damage or change levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in community-dwelling elderly subjects. These analyses were performed in two randomized intervention studies, in Austria and in New Zealand. In both randomized control trials, the mean protein intake was increased with whole foods, in the New Zealand study (n = 29 males, 74.2 ± 3.6 years) to 1.7 g/kg body weight/d (10 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)) in the Austrian study (n = 119 males and females, 72.9 ± 4.8 years) to 1.54 g/kg body weight/d (6 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)). In both studies, single and double strand breaks and as formamidopyrimidine—DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or whole blood. Further, resistance to H2O2 induced DNA damage, GSH, GSSG and CRP were measured. Increased dietary protein intake did not impact on DNA damage markers and GSH/GSSG levels. A seasonal-based time effect (p < 0.05), which led to a decrease in DNA damage and GSH was observed in the Austrian study. Therefore, increasing the protein intake to more than 20% of the total energy intake in community-dwelling seniors in Austria and New Zealand did not increase measures of DNA damage, change glutathione status or elevate plasma CRP.

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“…Female mitochondria tolerate better both oxygen deprivation and oxidative damage than male mitochondria, 4 and women seem to be better protected from ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis. 4,42 Accordingly, estrogens can protect against oxidative stress 43,44 and modulate apoptosis. 45 Also physiological levels of testosterone in men are protective against such injury.…”

Section: Mechanistic Effects Of Sex Hormones On Cardiovascular Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits

Vaura

Palmu

Aittokallio

et al. 2022

Circulation Research

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Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.

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Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress

Cited by 81 publications

References 196 publications

Novel Phenotyping for Acute Heart Failure—Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Approach

Novel Phenotyping for Acute Heart Failure—Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Approach

The Effect of Elevated Protein Intake on DNA Damage in Older People: Comparative Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits

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