“…When fatigue testing is performed, the load type, stress level, load ratio, joint morphology, and stress concentration of welded joints are several important factors that aggravate fatigue crack initiation and propagation [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In the fatigue test of T-joints and lap joints, the fatigue performance often decreases, mainly due to large stress concentration caused by uneven joint morphology [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. With the increase of stress concentration, the time of crack initiation is shortened, and crack initiation increases the risk of sudden fracture [ 25 ].…”