Estimation of Operating Reserve Capacity in Interconnected Systems with Variable Renewable Energy Using Probabilistic Approach

Probabilistic estimation of spinning reserves in smart grids with Bayesian-driven reserve allocation adjustment algorithm

“…A method called the equivalent assisting unit described in Billinton and Allan (1996) and Bapin et al (2018) is used in this study to consider available spinning reserve capacity of interconnected power systems. In this method, the systems receiving and providing spinning reserve assistance are called the assisted and assisting system, respectively.…”

“…Probabilistic energy system reliability quantification is gaining more popularity with the growth of stochastic renewable power. Different reliability estimation studies considering renewable power were proposed within the past few years (Perpinias et al, 2020;Azizipanah-Abarghooee et al, 2016;Bouffard and Galiana, 2004;Chattopadhyay and Baldick, 2002;Ortega-Vazquez and Kirschen, 2009;Liu and Tomsovic, 2012;Bapin et al, 2018). Most of the proposed methodologies consider stochastic events by restricting reliability metrics that determine the loss of load or loss of energy expectation or by including penalty into the objective function.…”

“…the reserve operating costs and the cost of load shedding. A method based on similar cost-benefit analysis was proposed in Bapin et al (2018). The method considers uncertainties caused by load and wind forecast errors and uses the equivalent assisting unit method to integrate interconnected capacity.…”

Optimal Allocation of Spinning Reserves in Interconnected Energy Systems with Demand Response Using a Bivariate Wind Prediction Model

“…The probabilistic power system adequacy assessment is gaining more attention with the growth of renewable generation. Various adequacy assessment studies that take into account renewable power have been presented in the last few years [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Most of these studies consider random events either by imposing an upper bound to reliability indices determining the loss of load or loss of energy expectation, or by adding a financial penalty into the cost function.…”

“…However, both studies model the energy systems as an isolated entity; thus, cannot be applied to the multi-area power grids. A similar approach based on the cost-benefit analysis has been proposed in [13]. The methodology considers uncertainties due to the load and wind forecast errors and employs the equivalent assisting unit method to account for inter-zonal power flows, yet this approach considers only the wind power as a source of renewable energy.…”