Estimation of Exhaust Ship Emission From Marine Traffic in the Straits of Singapore and Batam Waterways Using Automatic Identification System (Ais) Data

Saputra, Hendra Dani; Muvariz, Mufti Fathonah; Satoto, Sapto Wiratno; Koto, Jaswar

doi:10.11113/jt.v77.6687

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to the World Shipping Council, Singapore has the world's second-busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage (World Shipping Council, 2019). Deep-sea cargo ships typically burn heavy residual oil and hence the impacts of ship emissions on both local and regional particulate pollution can be substantial (Saputra et al, 2013;Velasco and Roth, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Rivellini¹,

Adam²,

Kasthuriarachchi³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Understanding sources and atmospheric processes that can influence the physio-chemical properties of carbonaceous aerosols are essential to evaluate their impacts on air quality and climate. However, resolving the sources, emission characteristics and aging processes of carbonaceous aerosols in complex urban environments remain challenging. In this work, a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to characterize organic aerosols (OA), refractory BC (rBC) and trace metals in Singapore, a highly urbanized city with multiple local and regional air pollution sources in the tropical region. rBC (C1+&#8211;C9+) fragments and trace metals ions (K+, Na+, Ni+, V+ and Rb+) were integrated into our positive matrix factorization of OA. Two types of fossil fuel combustion-related OA with different degree of oxygenation were identified. This work provides evidence that over 90&#8201;% of rBC was originated from local combustion sources with ~&#8201;30&#8201;% of them associated with the fresh secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced under the influences of industrial emissions during daytime. The results also show that ~&#8201;43&#8201;% of the total rBC was emitted from local traffic, and the rest of rBC fraction due to multiple sources, including vehicular, shipping and industrial emissions, being not fully resolved. There was only a weak association between the cooking-related OA component and rBC. Although there was no observable biomass burning episode during the sampling period, tracers for biomass burning, K+ and Rb+, were mainly associated with the more-oxidized oxygenated OA component (~&#8201;32&#8201;% of the total OA), indicating significant contributions of regional biomass burning emissions to this aged OA component. Furthermore, the aerosol pollutants transported from the industrial area and shipping ports gave higher C1+/C3+ and V+/Ni+ ratios than those associated with traffic and biomass burning. The observed association between Na+ and rBC suggests that the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to total particulate sodium should not be ignored in coastal urban environments. Overall, this work demonstrates that rBC fragments and trace metal ions can improve our understanding on the sources, emissions characteristics and aging history of carbonaceous aerosol (OA and rBC) in this type of complex urban environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Rivellini¹,

Adam²,

Kasthuriarachchi³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…AIS cannot directly reduce emissions, but can monitor and control emissions, which can greatly improve the environment. Since AIS is a technology that tracks all information about ships and routes, it can provide information on where and when ships produce emissions [35]. The amount of pollutant emissions can be predicted using ship maritime mobile service identity (MMSI), navigational speed, the initial location and type of vessel, and the density in the area of vessel crossing or docking.…”

Section: Marine and Environmental Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maturity of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and Its Implications for Innovation

Lee

Mokashi

Moon

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The member states of International Maritime Organization (IMO) have been leading in and enforcing the use of automatic identification systems (AIS) in the analysis of ship-to-ship collisions, vessel monitoring, and maritime traffic management offshore. This study will help non-federal stakeholders understand the AIS data and contribute to future research by assessing difficulties and improving access to data and applications. This study introduces the basics of AIS materials, shared channels, and currently developed applications, and discusses areas where they can be incorporated in the future. The literature revealed that using AIS data will be beneficial to the public as well as to business and public agencies.IMO has been leading in and enforcing the use of AIS in ship-to-ship collisions, vessel monitoring, and maritime traffic management offshore. U.S. federal agencies actively access nationwide AIS (NAIS) information to perform a variety of functions, including security, safety, and policy-making.However, access to the data needed by non-federal stakeholders, including in the marine industry and academic fields, is still limited; AIS data are not very well known, and related research and use is at the preliminary stage. However, if the importance and usefulness of AIS information were known, stakeholders could make rapid progress in the use of the data and its related applications in the near future. Therefore, this study aims to help non-federal stakeholders understand the AIS data and support future research by assessing difficulties and improving access to data and its applications.This study introduces the basics of AIS materials, shared channels, and currently developed applications, and discusses areas where they can be incorporated in the future. It examines the existing literature relating to AIS data and its derived products of application. The study is structured as follows: first, this study discusses the background and introduces the status of the data in Section 2. Data scientists and information engineers understand the need for data and determine the right information to collect. Because data consumes memory and storage space, it can be expensive depending on the size of the data. This is discussed in Section 3, on the nature of the data and the policy of collecting, using, and sharing data. Views of data science, information management, and governance are described in Section 4. This section describes the methods and tools for collecting, storing, distributing, and visualizing AIS data. Section 5 explores the evolution and development of applications using AIS. Finally, in the concluding section, the research is summarized, with suggestions to increase the accessibility and utilization of AIS data.

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“…Wilayah ini dilewati lebih dari 1500 kapal perharinya dan sekitar 1000 kapal perjamnya. Jumlah ini cukup tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah kapal yang melwati salah saatu selata terpadat di Indonesia yaitu di Selat Madura dengan jumlah kapal hanya sebesar 120 kapal perharinya [1] [2] [3].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Jumlah kepadatan kapal yang tinggi juga menyebabkan tingginya jumlah emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya diketahui bahwa jumlah emisi yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2014 diwilayah perairan iniyaitu berupa NOx, CO,CO 2 , VOC, PM and SOxmasing-masing adalah 12595.35 g/second, 25725.19 g/second, 11832.31 g/second, 5973.23 g/second, 443.71 g/second dan 22185.57 g/second [2].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Update Estimasi Emisi Gas Buang Kapal Di Perairan Batam-Singapore Menggunakan Data Automatic Identification System (Ais)

Saputra¹,

Yuniarsih²,

Abdurrahman³

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan dari aktifitas pelayaran kapal yang berada di perairan Batam-Singapore menggunakan data AIS (Automatic Identification System). Wilayah ini merupakan salah satu wilayah perairan dengan aktifitas pelayaran terpadat sepanjang selat Malaka. Hasil analisa menunjukkan jumlah rata-rata kapal per-jam pada 4 September 2018 sebanyak 1191 kapal dengan kepadatan tertinggi terjadi pada pukul 22.00 dengan jumlah 1326 kapal. Hasil perhitungan emisi pada jam tersebut menunjukkan jumlah emisi NOx, CO, CO2, VOC, SOx and PM masing-masing sebesar 48,716.48 kg/hour, 62,297.39 kg/hour, 3,541,656.53 kg/hour, 14,751.79 kg/hour, 1,339.14 kg/hour and 22,319.03 kg/hour. Hasil ini merupakan updating nilai emisi dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan data AIS perjam pada tahun 2011 dan 2014. Hasil perbandingan menunjukkan perbedaan cukup signifikan terhadap nilai emisi CO2

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Estimation of Exhaust Ship Emission From Marine Traffic in the Straits of Singapore and Batam Waterways Using Automatic Identification System (Ais) Data

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer

The Maturity of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and Its Implications for Innovation

Update Estimasi Emisi Gas Buang Kapal Di Perairan Batam-Singapore Menggunakan Data Automatic Identification System (Ais)

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