Estimation of ballistic block landing energy during 2014 Mount Ontake eruption

Tsunematsu, Kae; Ishimine, Yasuhiro; Kaneko, Takayuki; Yoshimoto, Mitsuhiro; Fujii, Toshitsugu; Yamaoka, K.

doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0463-8

Cited by 41 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The 27 September 2014 phreatic eruption occurred at lunchtime on a busy autumn day when *340 hikers were on the mountain (Tsunematsu et al 2016). Multiple pyroclastic surges were produced, travelling up to 2.5 km from vent, in addition to ballistics that impacted up to 1 km from the vent Tsunematsu et al 2016).…”

Section: Eruption Of Mt Ontake Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…particles generally travel further and cover a greater area in Vulcanian eruptions (Nairn and Self 1978;Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia et al 2012;Maeno et al 2013) compared with Strombolian eruptions (Harris et al 2012;Gurioli et al 2013;Turtle et al 2016). However, eruptions can be directed, ejecting ballistics at low angles and at distances greater than those from more vertically directed eruptions Tsunematsu et al 2016). The directionality of these blasts is often unpredictable, and can be influenced by external factors such as landslides (Christiansen 1980;Breard et al 2014), making it difficult to deterministically forecast future ballistic distributions.…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple pyroclastic surges were produced, travelling up to 2.5 km from vent, in addition to ballistics that impacted up to 1 km from the vent Tsunematsu et al 2016). Fifty-eight people were killed in the eruption, 55 most likely the result of ballistic trauma relatively close to the summit, with five still missing (as of 24 June 2016; Tsunematsu et al 2016).…”

Section: Eruption Of Mt Ontake Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic ballistic projectiles are amongst the most frequent causes of fatal incidents on volcanoes, with at least 76 recorded deaths at six volcanoes (Galeras, Yasur, Popocatepetl, Pacaya, Raoul Island and Ontake) since 1993 (Baxter and Gresham 1997;Cole et al 2006;Alatorre-Ibargüengoitia et al 2012;Wardman et al 2012;Tsunematsu et al 2016). Many more people have been injured as a result of ballistic impacts, frequently suffering from blunt force trauma (broken bones), lacerations, burns, abrasions and bruising (Blong 1984;Baxter and Gresham 1997).…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The directionality of these blasts is often unpredictable, and can be influenced by external factors such as landslides (Christiansen 1980;Breard et al 2014), making it difficult to deterministically forecast future ballistic distributions. Mapped deposits from past eruptions are often not symmetrical around the vent, reflecting this directionality (Minakami 1942;Fudali and Melson 1972;Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Kilgour et al 2010;Houghton et al 2011;Gurioli et al 2013;Fitzgerald et al 2014), and are sometimes the result of the crater and surrounding topography Tsunematsu et al 2016). Detailed descriptions and maps of ballistic impact distributions are rare, but those published may contain some of the following data: maximum ballistic travel distances (Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Robertson et al 1998;Kaneko et al 2016); the outer edges of a ballistic field (Minakami 1942;Nairn and Self 1978;Yamagishi and Feebrey 1994); and/or maximum particle (Nairn and Self 1978;Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Robertson et al 1998;Swanson et al 2012) or crater size (Robertson et al 1998;Maeno et al 2013;Kaneko et al 2016).…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Fitzgerald

Kennedy

Wilson

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Tourists, hikers, mountaineers, locals and volcanologists frequently visit and reside on and around active volcanoes, where ballistic projectiles are a lethal hazard. The projectiles of lava or solid rock, ranging from a few centimetres to several metres in diameter, are erupted with high kinetic, and sometimes thermal, energy. Impacts from projectiles are amongst the most frequent causes of fatal volcanic incidents and the cause of hundreds of thousands of dollars of damage to buildings, infrastructure and property worldwide. Despite this, the assessment of risk and communication of ballistic hazard has received surprisingly little study. Here, we review the research to date on ballistic distributions, impacts, hazard and risk assessments and maps, and methods of communicating and managing ballistic risk including how these change with a changing risk environment. The review suggests future improvements to the communication and management of ballistic hazard.

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Section: Eruption Of Mt Ontake Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eruption Of Mt Ontake Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Fitzgerald

Kennedy

Wilson

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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3‐D high‐speed imaging of volcanic bomb trajectory in basaltic explosive eruptions

Gaudin

Taddeucci

Houghton

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Imaging, in general, and high speed imaging in particular are important emerging tools for the study of explosive volcanic eruptions. However, traditional 2-D video observations cannot measure volcanic ejecta motion toward and away from the camera, strongly hindering our capability to fully determine crucial hazard-related parameters such as explosion directionality and pyroclasts' absolute velocity. In this paper, we use up to three synchronized high-speed cameras to reconstruct pyroclasts trajectories in three dimensions. Classical stereographic techniques are adapted to overcome the difficult observation conditions of active volcanic vents, including the large number of overlapping pyroclasts which may change shape in flight, variable lighting and clouding conditions, and lack of direct access to the target. In particular, we use a laser rangefinder to measure the geometry of the filming setup and manually track pyroclasts on the videos. This method reduces uncertainties to 108 in azimuth and dip angle of the pyroclasts, and down to 20% in the absolute velocity estimation. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by three examples: the development of an explosion at Stromboli, a bubble burst at Halema'uma'u lava lake, and an in-flight collision between two bombs at Stromboli.

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3‐D ballistic transport of ellipsoidal volcanic projectiles considering horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients

Bertin¹

2017

JGR Solid Earth

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An innovative 3‐D numerical model for the dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles is presented here. The model focuses on ellipsoidal particles and improves previous approaches by considering horizontal wind field, virtual mass forces, and drag forces subjected to variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients. Modeling suggests that the projectile's launch velocity and ejection angle are first‐order parameters influencing ballistic trajectories. The projectile's density and minor radius are second‐order factors, whereas both intermediate and major radii of the projectile are of third order. Comparing output parameters, assuming different input data, highlights the importance of considering a horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients in ballistic modeling, which suggests that they should be included in every ballistic model. On the other hand, virtual mass forces should be discarded since they almost do not contribute to ballistic trajectories. Simulation results were used to constrain some crucial input parameters (launch velocity, ejection angle, wind speed, and wind azimuth) of the block that formed the biggest and most distal ballistic impact crater during the 1984–1993 eruptive cycle of Lascar volcano, Northern Chile. Subsequently, up to 106 simulations were performed, whereas nine ejection parameters were defined by a Latin‐hypercube sampling approach. Simulation results were summarized as a quantitative probabilistic hazard map for ballistic projectiles. Transects were also done in order to depict aerial hazard zones based on the same probabilistic procedure. Both maps combined can be used as a hazard prevention tool for ground and aerial transits nearby unresting volcanoes.

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Estimation of ballistic block landing energy during 2014 Mount Ontake eruption

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

3‐D high‐speed imaging of volcanic bomb trajectory in basaltic explosive eruptions

3‐D ballistic transport of ellipsoidal volcanic projectiles considering horizontal wind field and variable shape‐dependent drag coefficients

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