Estimating the extractability of potentially toxic metals in urban soils: A comparison of several extracting solutions

Díaz, Fernando Madrid; Reinoso, R.; Fernández, María del Carmen Florido; Barrientos, Encarnación Díaz; Ajmone-Marsan, Franco; Davidson, Christine M.; Madrid, L.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.005

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The TCLP-extractable Cu and Zn in the MFs were relatively high, with the extractable fraction accounted for about 14% and 18% of total metals, respectively. Our results are consistent with the findings in urban soils and dusts reported by other investigators (Voutsa et al 2002;Madrid et al 2007). Pb exhibited the lowest solubility among the four metals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

“…However, it is hard to directly compare the soluble metals in the different extraction tests due to variation in extracting condition such as extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and extraction solution pH. Extraction tests demonstrated that trace metals extracted from soils are mostly influenced by a series of factors, including (1) pH of extraction solution, (2) pH-dependent precipitation or adsorption/ desorption, and (3) the geochemical phases of heavy metals in the soil (Al-Abed Souhail et al 2006;Chiang et al 2009;Madrid et al 2007;Kierczak et al 2008). Because the water extraction has no buffering capacity for the studied slightly alkaline soils, it resulted in lower water-extractable concentrations of trace metals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The mobility of trace metals in the contaminated soils is commonly assessed using a variety of environmental risk assessment procedures. Among them, extraction tests were commonly used and provided groundwork for assessing leaching characteristics so as to select appropriate treatment and cleaning techniques (Lin and Chang 2006;Al-Abed Souhail et al 2006;Chiang et al 2009;Dermatas et al 2006;Voutsa et al 2002;Madrid et al 2007;Kierczak et al 2008). Among available methods for the evaluation on leaching of soil-bound metals under different conditions, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and physiological based extraction test (PBET) were widely used (USEPA 1992;Ruby et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrichment and solubility of trace metals associated with magnetic extracts in industrially derived contaminated soils

Wang

Chen

2012

Environ Geochem Health

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Magnetic fractions (MFs) in industrially derived contaminated soils were extracted with a magnetic separation procedure. Total, soluble, and bioaccessible Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the MFs and non-magnetic fractions (NMFs) were analyzed using aqua regia and extraction tests, such as deionized water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and gastric juice simulation (GJST) test. Compared with the non-magnetic fractions, soil MFs were enriched with Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Extraction tests indicated that soil MFs contained higher water, TCLP, and GJST-extractable Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations than the soil NMFs. The TCLP-extractable Pb concentration in the MFs exceeded the USEPA hazardous waste criteria, suggesting that soil MFs have a potentially environmental pollution risk. Solubility of trace metals was variable in the different extraction tests, which has the order of GJST > TCLP > water. TCLP test showed Cu and Zn were more mobile than Cr and Pb while bioaccessibility of trace metal defined by GJST test showed the order of Cu ≈ Cr ≈ Zn > Pb. These findings suggested that the MFs in the industrially derived contaminated soils had higher possibility of polluting water bodies, and careful environmental impact assessment was necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrichment and solubility of trace metals associated with magnetic extracts in industrially derived contaminated soils

Wang

Chen

2012

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Thus, to understand the processes involved in metal uptake by plants (phytoavailability), the use of extracting solutions rather than the total metal contents is so recommended [13][14][15][16]. Among salt solutions used in single extractions, calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) appears as the most widely used extractant to assess plant-available Cd concentrations in soils [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Chloride Interferences Produced by Calcium Chloride in the Determination of Cd by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Waterlot

Douay

2012

ISRN Spectroscopy

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Cadmium concentrations in CaCl 2 extracting solutions at various concentrations were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption using two background correctors: the deuterium and the high-speed self-reversal background correction systems. Under-and overestimation of the Cd absorbance signals in CaCl 2 solutions were observed for concentrations greater than 0.005 M using the deuterium lamp while no important effect was observed using the other background correction system. The analytical performance of the spectrometer for the determination of Cd was studied in 0.01 M CaCl 2 solution and single extractions were performed using reference materials and contaminated soil samples. Cadmium was determined using the two background correction systems and a third method, which consists of the use of the deuterium lamp without any chemical modifier, was added to the study. The results showed that the third method was unable to determine Cd concentrations in the CaCl 2 solution due to the presence of extractable arsenic and iron. For solutions without any dilution or diluted with a very low dilution factor, the CaCl 2 -extractable Cd concentrations measured using the deuterium lamp were systematically below those found using the high-speed self-reversal method. These differences were explained by the presence of chloride ions in the atomization step.

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“…Kinetic extraction by a single reagent can be defined as the proper methodology to determine the distribution of species in natural environments (Fangueiro et al 2002(Fangueiro et al , 2005Gismera et al 2004). The most widely utilized reagents for single-extraction schemes are powerful chelating agents, such as ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (DTPA) (Madrid et al 2007;Young et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Mobility and Kinetic Characterization of Trace Elements in Contaminated Sediments from a River Basin in Northern Peru

Yacoub

Miralles

Valderrama

2014

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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In the Jequetepeque basin (Peru), gold extraction activity has been performed in the last decades, leading to a release of metals and metalloids into the environment. Sediment samples were taken in the vicinity of two mines and analysed. Extraction of metals and metalloids from sediments was carried out using single extraction procedures, acidic (HNO 3 ), and complexation (EDTA) leaching, in order to determine the mobility of trace elements. Results indicated that acidic extraction at low pH values increased the leachability of trace elements. EDTA showed a higher bioavailability of metals in sediments that acidic extraction under similar pH conditions because of its greater leaching capacity. This is an important issue in view of risk assessment analysis. The highest extractability was observed for Cd in all sediments with up to 90% of extraction after 1 hour. The mobility index analysis indicated that faster kinetic leachability of some trace elements leads to a higher mobility in sediments, especially those near the active gold extraction mine. The ecological risk assessment suggested that the four river sediments were at high and very high risk levels, indicating that sediment contamination is an issue of environmental concern in the Jequetepeque basin of northern Peru.

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Estimating the extractability of potentially toxic metals in urban soils: A comparison of several extracting solutions

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Enrichment and solubility of trace metals associated with magnetic extracts in industrially derived contaminated soils

Enrichment and solubility of trace metals associated with magnetic extracts in industrially derived contaminated soils

Minimizing Chloride Interferences Produced by Calcium Chloride in the Determination of Cd by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Experimental Study of Mobility and Kinetic Characterization of Trace Elements in Contaminated Sediments from a River Basin in Northern Peru

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