Estimating Temperatures in Compartment Fires

Walton, William D.; Thomas, P.H.; Ohmiya, Yoshifumi

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_30

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…6). Not many fires proceed according to this curve, but it is useful when it comes to explaining the nature of fire development and analysing the fire phases [4,7,14,15,17,29,30]. After the first initial phase, characterised by a slow increase of temperature and the total flux of heat, a fire may either spontaneously self-extinguish, due to lack of fresh fuel necessary to 2.2.…”

Section: Flashovermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example in European system [36,37] the methods and criteria which are currently used allow to put the products in the raw and to compare than on the basis of arbitrary define criteria values for the defined classification groups. This criteria are not based on the fire development process, for instance flashover can undergo at the average temperature range between 300°C to 600°C [29,30], while the non-combustibility test [38] is performed in the temperature of 750°C. Within the range of temperatures corresponding to the phases of flashover and after the flashover the time until auto ignition, and temperature increase by 20°C (difference of value ∆T for currently used classes A1 and A2) are not significant.…”

Section: Building Performance Of Products and Fire Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustability of building products versus fire safety

Fangrat

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. The combustion process is described and analysed based on the experimental results in the context of building fire safety. Data are obtained by means of five standard methods: ISO 5657 ignitability test, ISO 5657 cone calorimeter, ISO 9705 room corner test, EN ISO 1716 small calorimeter, and EN ISO 1182 small furnace. Various categories of building products were tested: cellulose based products (particle boards, plywoods), solid wood, floor coverings, concrete, ceramics, insulations (thermal and/or acoustic), boards (wall/ceiling), mortars, adhesives, and thin coatings. The studied products exhibited very different fire properties from non-combustible to easily combustible. In order to more effectively differentiate non-combustibles and combustibles within building products, the modified heat of combustion was calculated using all test results according to EN ISO 1716 and EN ISO 1182. The revision of criteria for Euro class A1 and A2 is proposed to obtain more realistic reaction-to-fire evaluation. In conclusion, it is advised to use single limit for heat of combustion for A1 and A2 Euro class. The proposed approach for modified heat of combustion is a convenient tool for the fast and cost-effective initial test method for non-combustibility evaluation and seems to be the proper method for distinguishing between non-combustibles and combustibles within building products. It is a better reflection of the real physical process of combustion than the current one. The third A1 criterion is questionable, regarding time to auto-ignition in EN ISO 1182 cylindrical furnace. The measurement for gross heat of combustion by EN ISO 1716 method is proposed for all Euro classes of building products with different limit values.

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Section: Flashovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Building Performance Of Products and Fire Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustability of building products versus fire safety

Fangrat

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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“…그런데 실규모의 화재실험은 비용의 측면에서나 위험성 의 측면에서 매우 어렵고 제한적일 수 밖에 없기 때문에 적 절한 상사를 통해 구현된 축소 모델에서의 실험이 보다 현 실적이고 유용하다. 일반적으로 화재로 인한 부력플럼 유 동에 대한 상사 법칙으로 Froude 상사를 많이 사용하고 있 으나 구획화재의 경우 공간적 제약과 이로 인한 물리화학 적 특성의 변화를 고려하기 위해서 환기 변수(ventilation factor)에 근거한 상사 법칙을 사용한다 (8) . 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 환기 특성에 근거한 축소법칙의 유효성을 평가 하기 위해 실규모 및 2/5 축소 구획에 대한 화재를 FDS를 이용하여 모사하고 기존의 실험 결과 (9,10) 및 해석 결과 상 호간에 비교 분석을 수행하였다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

“…Figure 1과 (9,10) . 일반적으로 열린 공간에서의 화재 현상에 대해서는 Froude 상사 법칙이 사용되지만 개구부로의 환기 조건이 내부 특성에 큰 영향을 미치는 구획화재의 상사를 위해서 는 환기 변수(A )가 주로 사용된다 (8) . 여기서 A는 개구 부의 단면적이고 h는 높이이다.…”

Section: 해석 조건unclassified

“…여기서 A는 개구 부의 단면적이고 h는 높이이다. 구획화재의 상사 법칙에서 는 환기 변수비를 크기비의 제곱이 되도록 모형 크기를 결 정하게 된다 (8,10) . 즉, Table 2에 나타낸 바와 같이 100 kW와 850 kW, 200 kW와 1250 kW, 그리 고 400 kW와 2700 kW의 유입량의 비는 각각 6.7, 6.7, 그 리고 6.6으로 환기 변수비 6.25에 비해 다소 큰 값을 보이 나 오차 범위 내에 있으며 이 때의 GER은 각각 0.7, 1.0, 2.4이다 (10) .…”

Section: 해석 조건unclassified

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Numerical Study on the Validity of Scaling Law for Compartment Fires

Ko¹

2014

Fire Science and Engineering

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In this study, to assess the validity of scaling law which was based on the ventilation factor and utilized in fields of compartment fires, numerical simulations were conducted on full-and 2/5 reduced-scale compartment fires using FDS and simulation results were compared with the previously published experimental data. The numerical modeling used in this study was verified by comparing the predicted temperature at several points of the upper layer with the experiment data. Temperature and concentration distribution inside of compartments and velocity profile at door of compartment are analyzed to assess the validity of scaling law. Comparison between the predicted results on the full-and reduced-scale compartments shows good agreements on the inner compartment flow patterns, outflowing flame patterns from the compartments, and vertical temperature distributions.

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Experimental study on vertical temperature profile of buoyant window spill plume from intermediate‐scale compartments

et al. 2020

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The correlation between dimensionless temperature and vertical position z were discussed by conducting a series of intermediate-scale tests performed a 1.35 m (L) × 1.35 m (H) × 1.35 m (W) fire compartment, whose window-opening size varied from 0.91 m (H) × 0.41 m (W) to 0.91 m (H) × 0.91 m (W) and heat release rate (HRR) differed from 200 to 1000 kW. The effects of fire plume reattaching-to-wall behaviors, the varied neutral plane positions, and window-opening aspect n on Yokoi's correlation is analyzed according to the comparison of theoretical analysis and experimental results. Finally, an attempt to increase the rationality and continuity of Yokoi's plots is conducted. The new correlation consists of two different types of plots regarding the plume region and flame region. The reattaching-to-wall behavior of flame region showed a heavy effect on the new correlation plot. Chamber dimension imposes little influence on the new correlation plot. K E Y W O R D S fire plume reattaching-to-wall behaviors, varied neutral plane positions, window-opening aspect n, Yokoi's correlation

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Estimating Temperatures in Compartment Fires

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Combustability of building products versus fire safety

Combustability of building products versus fire safety

Numerical Study on the Validity of Scaling Law for Compartment Fires

Experimental study on vertical temperature profile of buoyant window spill plume from intermediate‐scale compartments

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