Estimating sex of the human skeleton based on metrics of the sternum

Bongiovanni, Rosanne; Spradley, M. Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.034

Cited by 39 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This law continues to be taught as true, regardless of the many studies that found it to be unreliable [17][18][19]. Additionally, Bongiovanni [20] tested, sexual dimorphism of the sternum between American Black and American White populations that were in agreement with previous studies while the mean values of Sternal index conform to Hyrtl's Law, the range of values largely overlap, and prove unreliable for sex estimation. The standardization according to shape was present in one standard Sternal shape present in more than 2/3rd of the analyzed samples of both sexes [2].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Moreover, the skull has been proven to be less accurate than previously believed, achieving lower accuracy rates than postcranial elements using metric analyses. Therefore, alternative elements of the skeleton need to be investigated as potential indicators of sex [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some researchers have shown that there were overlapping between sexes. And have advocated this rule was not useful and reliable for individual measurements [20]. Sexual dimorphism of the sternum was first described by Wenzel [11], dates to the late 18th century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

2018

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Background: Sternum is one of the skeleton parts which have frequently congenital anomalies and variations are commonly used by researchers in determining sex. We evaluated the morphological characteristics and sex-related changes of the sternum in adult individuals using multidetector CT in our study. 162.21±6.17, respectively. We found that Hyrtl's law and Sternal index did not provide adequate accuracy for sex determination in our patients. It has been detected that the length of the Manubrium alone is not helpful for individual samples. Total length of the sternum was found to be more reliable than the length of the Manubrium and the length of corpus Sterni.We determined Sternal cleft and Sternal foramen as 0.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions:We suggest that the Morphometric standards cannot be universally applied and can demonstrate individual differences. The standard rules must be implemented for every population.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

2018

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“…With a high recovery rate in both forensic-and archaeological context, sternum is a potentially useful element in anthropological analysis [24]. This bone has been used for estimating sex since the XVII century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, this law states that the manubrium of the female sternum exceeds half the length of the body, while the body in the male sternum is, at least, twice as long as the manubrium [24]. Index manubrium length x 100 / body length would be less than fifty in men and over fifty in women to verify this law [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a contemporary spanish population

García-Parra

Fernández

Djorojevic

et al. 2014

Forensic Science International

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Sternal human variability and population affinity: Frequency of discrete traits and their relationship with sex and age

Rojas

Olivares

Tutor

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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Sternal morphological variations differ among populations and are influenced by the interaction between inheritance, development, and environment. There are currently no studies that include all variability from a morphogenesis approach following a homogeneous definition. The aims of this study were (a) to develop a standardized method for the anatomical study of the sternum; (b) to analyze the prevalence of the morphological variations and their relationship between sex and age; (c) to compare the results with other populations. The sterna of 155 skeletons from a Spanish population were studied. The age at the time of death was 17 to 97 years. We analyzed two metric and 22 sternal morphological variations described in the literature and designed an illustrated atlas. The atlas was validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to measure the prevalence and relationship between sex and age. To analyze the interpopulation variability, we compared our results with those from other authors. The atlas with definitions and reference images improves the observation and detection of all morphological variations of the sternum (ICC = 0.90). The dependence between the morphological traits and sex was significant for the variations in the sternal angle, the number of esternebra, and the development of the xiphoid process. No significant differences were found between age group and morphological traits. The expression of the sternal morphological variation and sex are population‐specific. The results will help standardize future studies and provide valuable information on the variability of the sternal morphological variation.

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Estimating sex of the human skeleton based on metrics of the sternum

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

Sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a contemporary spanish population

Sternal human variability and population affinity: Frequency of discrete traits and their relationship with sex and age

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