The authors believe that knowing the normal size of the structures in the orbital region and age-related changes will be useful to maintain the facial proportions in the plastic and reconstructive surgery and to protect aesthetic appearance of the face.
Background: Sternum is one of the skeleton parts which have frequently congenital anomalies and variations are commonly used by researchers in determining sex. We evaluated the morphological characteristics and sex-related changes of the sternum in adult individuals using multidetector CT in our study. 162.21±6.17, respectively. We found that Hyrtl's law and Sternal index did not provide adequate accuracy for sex determination in our patients. It has been detected that the length of the Manubrium alone is not helpful for individual samples. Total length of the sternum was found to be more reliable than the length of the Manubrium and the length of corpus Sterni.We determined Sternal cleft and Sternal foramen as 0.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions:We suggest that the Morphometric standards cannot be universally applied and can demonstrate individual differences. The standard rules must be implemented for every population.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the number, symmetry, shape and individual characteristic of palatal rugae. Methods: In our study, we performed on subjects ages 16 to 57 (23.01 ± 7.12), ranging from a total of 230 (108 female and 122 male). Alginant impression material from each took dimensions of the upper jaw. Then casts were obtained by pouring hard casts. The shapes, lengths, and directions of rugae measured on these casts. The palatine photos were taken by using a mobile phone-Samsung brand with 12 MP camera and an orthodontic mirror. The casts and photographs were selected at random belonging to 100 subjects. Selected at random 10 photographs were matched among 100 casts. The ratios of correct matches were determined. Results: In our study, the total number of palatal rugae was found as 9.49 ± 1.87 in females and 9.42 ± 1.92 in males. The most detected rugae pattern was wavy on both females and males. The most rarely seen rugae pattern was converged in the males and circular in the females. Regarding lengths of rugae, the most detected rugae pattern was the primary one. Regarding the direction of rugae pattern, positive-sided one was the most dominant in both genders. We determined the ratio of matching the casts belonging to Palatine with the photos as 63.5%. The number of rugae aged under 18 and above 41 was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.003), but the number of curved and positive-sided rugae in older ages was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Compared with data from earlier studies, the shapes, length, and direction of palatal rugae were seen specific in every individual, and it was seen to have discriminating characteristics among different populations. The possible differences in individual specific palatal rugae require further studies involving larger samples.
Purpose: The nasal and labial characteristics along with the other facial characteristics are different between races. The purpose of this study is to identify nasal and labial features of Turkish women by anthropometric measurements and indices besides to detect variances with aging. Methods: The study was conducted with total 302 women volunteers whose ages were between 19 and 85. The women included were divided into 3 groups according to their ages; respectively young (ages between 19 and 44), middle-aged (45–59) and senior (>60). By using camera footages with the IT version 3.00 software program, anthropometric measurements of the nasolabial region was performed. Results: The mean nasal length of the included participants was measured as 38.56 ± 8.32 mm while mean nasal height was 50.05 ± 8.36 mm. Mean nasal root width was 13.24 ± 2.70 mm, mean morphological nasal width was 32.16 ± 5.80 mm and mean anatomical nasal width was 27.85 ± 4.92 mm. In addition, mean nasal depth was 19.55 ± 5.25 mm. In the middle-aged group of participants, the nasal length was more than senior group (P < 0.05). Nasal root width was increased with aging (P < 0.05). Morphological and anatomical widths of the nose were increased with aging but increase rate was lower in the senior group (P < 0.05). The nasal depth was lower in the young group in comparison with middle-aged and senior groups (P < 0.05). When nostril types were analyzed; ratios of ‘teardrop’, ‘heart-shaped’, ‘annular’ and ‘triangular’ types were 51.65%, 0.99%, 6.95%, and 40.39%, respectively. Conclusions: To be acquainted with facial anthropometric features and measurements of nasolabial region which varies with races and aging; would have a significant importance in view of conserving the facial ratio and esthetics in the plastic and reconstructive surgery field.
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