Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Derived from Waste Cooking Oil with Octanol: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling

Chowdhury, Avisha; Sarkar, Debasish; Mitra, Debasis

doi:10.1002/ceat.201400745

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…and the H 2 O:RO (v/v) ratio (from 4:1 to 1:2). In previous studies it was found that the maximum TG conversions were 93% for 1:2 (v/v) ratio after 10 h reaction, 70% for 4:1 (v/v) ratio after 24 h reaction, and 92% for 4.12:1 (v/v) ratio after 30 h reaction (Chowdhury et al, 2016). Based on these results, we assayed H 2 O:RO ratios (v/v) within a similar range (from 4:1 to 1:2), fixing the reaction time to 24 h. To assess the most suitable conditions for the hydrolysis reaction, the acidity index was chosen as the parameter to be followed.…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of Triglyceridesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The conditions assayed included an enzyme concentration between 0.6 and 1.2 g dm −3 acting at pH 7, 30 °C temperature, 1 atm pressure, water-to-oil molar ratios from 1:2 to 4:1 (v/v) ( Table 2) and 24 h reaction time. These conditions were chosen because they are in the range of more suitable conditions for TG hydrolysis pointed out by other authors (Chowdhury et al, 2016). Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged and the oil phase was separated from the aqueous phase and the acidity index of the oil phase was determined.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries

et al. 2019

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A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge contains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity ( > 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the transesterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in the esterification reaction. With the aim of improving the process, a previous triglyceride hydrolysis was assayed using lipases from Candida rugosa. Finally, the 3-stage process was performed under the most favorable conditions for each stage obtaining 84% wt. fatty acid methyl esters, which shows the potential of this residual oil as a source of biodiesel.

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Section: Hydrolysis Of Triglyceridesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries

et al. 2019

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“…“Adeq Precision” >4 is desirable . In this model, this ratio is 31.087, which represent an adequate signal . Hence, it can be concluded that the model can be used to navigate the design space.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Separation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from model diesel composition via pervaporation using a fabricated aromatic polyimide membrane and process optimization

Roychowdhury

Mitra

2018

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Removal of polyaromatics from diesel is important to meet automobile emission specifications. According to Worldwide Fuel Charter, the maximum allowable concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in automotive diesel should be less than 2% vol (max). An aromatic polyimide membrane was fabricated by solution casting a mixture of polyamic acid, N,N‐dimethylacetamide and phenanthrene. This membrane was utilized for the separation of a multicomponent mixture consisting of acenaphthene and 2‐methyl naphthalene (PAHs) in toluene and n‐tetradecane, chosen as model diesel composition via pervaporation. The prepared membrane was characterized by mechanical strength testing, SEM and TGA‐DTA study. The influence of varying downstream pressure, feed composition, and operating temperature on the pervaporative separation performance in terms of combined permeation flux of the PAHs was investigated. A central composite experimental design along with response surface methodology was conducted to optimize these process factors for maximizing the combined permeation flux. The maximum value of combined permeation flux obtained was 0.071 kg m−2 h−1. Hence, it can be concluded that the novel membrane fabricated using a simple and relatively inexpensive method has good potentiality for pervaporative removal of PAHs from the chosen system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018

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“…Therefore, WCO was chosen for a further set of experiments because there are no reports in the literature on the application of this feedstock for the production of biolubricants by enzymatic transesterification. Only the production of biolubricants from WCO by two-step reactions has been reported: hydrolysis of WCO followed by esterification of the free fatty acids [ 1 , 2 , 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Eversa® Transform via CLEA Technology Converts It in a Suitable Biocatalyst for Biolubricant Production Using Waste Cooking Oil

et al. 2021

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The performance of the previously optimized magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregate of Eversa (Eversa-mCLEA) in the enzymatic synthesis of biolubricants by transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with different alcohols has been evaluated. Eversa-mCLEA showed good activities using these alcohols, reaching a transesterification activity with isoamyl alcohol around 10-fold higher than with methanol. Yields of isoamyl fatty acid ester synthesis were similar using WCO or refined oil, confirming that this biocatalyst could be utilized to transform this residue into a valuable product. The effects of WCO/isoamyl alcohol molar ratio and enzyme load on the synthesis of biolubricant were also investigated. A maximum yield of around 90 wt.% was reached after 72 h of reaction using an enzyme load of 12 esterification units/g oil and a WCO/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6 in a solvent-free system. At the same conditions, the liquid Eversa yielded a maximum ester yield of only 34%. This study demonstrated the great changes in the enzyme properties that can be derived from a proper immobilization system. Moreover, it also shows the potential of WCO as a feedstock for the production of isoamyl fatty acid esters, which are potential candidates as biolubricants.

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Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Derived from Waste Cooking Oil with Octanol: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries

Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries

Separation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from model diesel composition via pervaporation using a fabricated aromatic polyimide membrane and process optimization

Immobilization of Eversa® Transform via CLEA Technology Converts It in a Suitable Biocatalyst for Biolubricant Production Using Waste Cooking Oil

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