Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

̧g, Halina Szela; Zwierzykowski, Włlodzimierz

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4133(199807)100:7<302::aid-lipi302>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2):Taking into consideration the consecutive character of the reaction, we described the esterification of propylene glycol with C 12:0 –C 18:0 fatty acids in the presence of SDS and PEGML using equations included in our previous works [11–14]. Based on these equations the rate constants of MAPG ( k 1 ) and DAPG ( k 2 ) formation, the maximum concentration of monoesters (MAPG max ) and the time when such a concentration of MAPG can be reached ( t max ) were calculated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of PG and MAPG in the products were determined as trimethylsilyl derivatives by programmed GC with internal standardization [11]. The FA concentrations were determined by the potentiometric titration method, according to the IUPAC method [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the methods to obtain the ester derivatives of polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol) and fatty acids, is direct esterification of polyols with fatty acids realized in the presence of selected surfactants [11][12][13][14]. The proposed method of synthesis provides a few important advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐Step Synthesis of W/O and O/W Emulsifiers in the Presence of Surface Active Agents

Sadecka

Szeląg

2012

J Surfact & Detergents

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The main goal of this study was to describe the method of the synthesis of the dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl- and octadecyl-propylene glycol emulsifiers in the presence of selected anionic and nonionic surfactants. Acyl propylene glycol emulsifiers were produced by esterification of propane–1,2-diol (propylene glycol, PG) with C12:0–C18:0 fatty acids in the presence of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic-poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate (PEGML). The presence of SDS and PEGML in the reaction system caused microemulsion formation. Depending on the structure and amount of the surfactant in the system reactions proceeded at different rates and with different efficiency levels. The esterification of propylene glycol carried out under applied conditions causes products with the desired contents of propylene glycol monoesters (MAPG) to be obtained in a one-step reaction. Knowledge of the reaction kinetics creates the possibility to program the composition and properties of the synthesized emulsifiers. The interaction of nonionic, lipophilic MAPG with anionic, hydrophilic SDS or nonionic, hydrophilic PEGML influences the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) values of the products which may be used to stabilize water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Use of the synthesized compounds allows stable emulsions to be prepared which include the following vegetable fats in the oil phase: mango oil, palm oil, shorea butter and hydrogenated soybean oil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐Step Synthesis of W/O and O/W Emulsifiers in the Presence of Surface Active Agents

Sadecka

Szeląg

2012

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…The concentration of glycerol, monoacylglycerols and esters of diglycerol were determined as trimethylsilyl derivatives using programmed gas chromatography with internal standardization 12 . The composition of the polyglycerols was checked by GC and TLC GPC-HPLC (Varian 8500, RIDIK 102) 13 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsifiers from renewable materials: an eco-friendly synthesis and properties

Szeląg¹,

Sadecka²,

Pawłowicz³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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The focus of this study was the preparation of novel bio based polyglycerol emulsifi ers characterized by a one pot synthesis, thus by modifi ed properties with respect to interfacial activity and effectiveness as emulsion stabilizers. The fi nal products of the esterifi cation process, carried out in the presence of carboxylates were used directly as emulsifi ers (without purifi cation or fractionation). Polyglycerol emulsifi ers obtained in proposed conditions can be tailored to stabilize the defi ned emulsion system. The modifi cation of the surface activity of emulsifi ers may be obtained by programming the fatty acid acyl group in the polyglycerol ester as well as the hydrocarbon chain length in sodium soap and concentration of this compound in the reaction mixture.

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“…The activation energy of the reaction of propionic acid with n-butanol at temperatures between 353 and 383 K using Amberlyst was 58.9 kJ mol 21 . The kinetics of an industrially important preparation of monoacylglycerols from FFA and glycerol is reported in [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐temperature esterification of fatty acids with methanol at ambient pressure

Kocsisová

Cvengroš

Lutišan³

2005

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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High-temperature esterification of fatty acids with methanol at ambient pressureThe article presents the results of the kinetic study of the acid-catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol (MeOH) at elevated temperatures above the boiling point of MeOH, at ambient pressure, and at continual flow of liquid MeOH into the reaction mixture. Under these conditions, the reaction follows the rate equation valid for reactions of the first order. Beside temperature, the pseudo rate constant depends also on the flow rate of MeOH and on the concentration of a catalyst. At temperatures 50-60 7C higher than the boiling point of MeOH, the reaction rate is two to three times higher than at the temperatures close to the boiling point of MeOH. Apart from the temperature, the increase of the rate is facilitated also by a high local molar excess of MeOH in the input site with respect to FFA and by effective removal of water from the reaction mixture. The composition of the reaction mixture is then farther from the equilibrium composition. High conversion of FFA to methyl esters (above 99%) with low residual acidity of the product (acid value around 2-3 mg KOH/g) is achieved at short times of several tens of minutes and at a low total molar ratio of MeOH/FFA of around 3-4.

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Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

One‐Step Synthesis of W/O and O/W Emulsifiers in the Presence of Surface Active Agents

One‐Step Synthesis of W/O and O/W Emulsifiers in the Presence of Surface Active Agents

Emulsifiers from renewable materials: an eco-friendly synthesis and properties

High‐temperature esterification of fatty acids with methanol at ambient pressure

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