Emulsifiers from renewable materials: an eco-friendly synthesis and properties

Abstract

The focus of this study was the preparation of novel bio based polyglycerol emulsifi ers characterized by a one pot synthesis, thus by modifi ed properties with respect to interfacial activity and effectiveness as emulsion stabilizers. The fi nal products of the esterifi cation process, carried out in the presence of carboxylates were used directly as emulsifi ers (without purifi cation or fractionation). Polyglycerol emulsifi ers obtained in proposed conditions can be tailored to stabilize the defi ned emulsion system. The modifi cation of the surface activity of emulsifi ers may be obtained by programming the fatty acid acyl group in the polyglycerol ester as well as the hydrocarbon chain length in sodium soap and concentration of this compound in the reaction mixture.

Alkyl-imidazolium glycosides: non-ionic—cationic hybrid surfactants from renewable resources

“…This is in line with previous reports on the behavior of non-ionic surfactants, indicating enhanced emulsion stability upon increasing the alkyl chain length from C 7 to C 10 , 55 but reduced interfacial activity upon further increase from C 12 to C 18 . 56 Both longer and shorter alkyl chain lengths led to a significant drop of the emulsion stability. The C 8 -surfactant 6a was particularly instable, as indicated by complete phase separation within a single day.…”

Glycerol-Derived Renewable Polyglycerols: A Class of Versatile Chemicals of Wide Potential Application

“…The chemistry of PGEs offers unprecedented versatility to develop surface active agents that may vary considerably in composition, owing to differences in the extent of polymerization of the glycerol, in the nature of the hydrophilic part, and in the degree of esterification. Coupled to excellent biocompatibility, this has opened the route to their use as emulsifiers, dispersants, emollients, wetting agents, or thickeners in personal care formulations in cosmetic and personal care products, where they are increasingly replacing fatty acid and fatty alcohol ethoxylates …”