Establishments and Evaluations of Post‐Operative Adhesion Animal Models

Abstract

After abdominopelvic surgery, there are 90-93% of patients who develop postoperative adhesions. Post-operative adhesions can occur after various surgical procedures, which not only cause a series of complications but also increase the economic burden of patients. Based on the US FDA rules, anti-adhesive products need to be deeply evaluated for their bio-functionality in animal models before clinic entrance. However, to date, there are few literatures systematically summarizing the establish approaches and evaluation standards of various post-operative adhesion animal models. Therefore, according to the importance of knowledge related to in vivo animal models, in this manuscript, the occurrence mechanism of post-operative adhesion is systematically reviewed, which is followed by summarizing the construction methods of animal adhesion models at different organs, and then the common evaluation indicators including adhesion scores and histological characterization are listed. This review is a reference to the in vivo characterizations of anti-adhesive materials.

Investigation of anti-adhesion ability of 8-arm PEGNHS-modified porcine pericardium

“…The adhesion formation model can been established through various methods such as mechanical damage, surgical removal, tissue defects, ischemia, and microbe contamination [48]. In this study, we chose mechanical damage induced by sandpaper abrasion because of its cost effectiveness and simplicity.…”

An optimal method for diagnosing heart disease using combination of grasshopper evalutionary algorithm and support vector machines

“…The conventional propeller optimization approach involves assigning varying values to the propeller vector, so establishing and quantifying attraction and repulsion operators inside a continuous space. However, this model may not perform well when it comes to feature selection concerns [ 53 , 54 ]. Consequently, the investigation will employ the binary rendition of the grasshopper algorithm.…”

Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy

“…TAM can phagocytose clodronate liposome (Clo-LipoDOTAP) in the body, which releases clodronate and is metabolized to non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs, leading to mitochondrial respiratory chain blockade and showing cytotoxicity against M2-TAM. scientist used Clo-LipoDOTAP to treat solid tumors in mice and found that it could eliminate M2-TAM in tumor tissues and significantly improve the survival rate of mice ( 115 , 116 ). Another researcher developed a new type of clodronate liposome that can eliminate M2-TAM in B16/F10 subcutaneous tumors and significantly slow the growth of primary tumors ( 117 , 118 ).…”