Establishment of culture systems for Genotypes 3 and 4 hepatitis E virus (HEV) obtained from human blood and application of HEV inactivation using a pathogen reduction technology system

Abstract

The Mirasol PRT system inactivated greater than 2 to 3 logs of live HEV in PLTs and can potentially be used to lower the possibility of blood-borne HEV transmission. The G3 and G4 HEV inocula identified in this study and the hepatoma cell culture system provide a new means to assess HEV infectious titer and to evaluate other pathogen reduction strategies.

Ultraviolet C light efficiently inactivates nonenveloped hepatitis A virus and feline calicivirus in platelet concentrates

“…The INTERCEPT technology is a photochemical procedure that uses amotosalen HCl, which penetrates cellular and nuclear membranes, binds to the double‐stranded regions of DNA and RNA, and cross‐links nucleic acids upon illumination with low‐energy UVA light, whereas the MIRASOL system is a photodynamic procedure employing riboflavin (vitamin B2), which associates with nucleic acids and mediates oxygen‐independent electron transfer when exposed to broad‐spectrum UV light . The fact that both technologies use photoactive compounds that must enter the virus particle to reach the nucleic acids may explain their variable inactivation efficacy against nonenveloped viruses (Table ) , . In contrast to enveloped viruses, some nonenveloped viruses—particularly picornaviruses such as HAV, poliovirus, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)—have tightly packed protein capsids that provide stability but may thwart the penetration of small‐molecular substances such as inactivation agents .…”

“…HEV has proved difficult to grow in cultured cells and, although a recombinant expression system for cell culture–adapted HEV has become available, experimental complexity continues to be a limiting factor for virus inactivation studies . The MIRASOL system resulted in a 2‐3 log reduction of live HEV in platelets in one study using a hepatoma cell culture system with RNA‐positive plasma or serum samples from HEV‐infected individuals . In that study, the quantitation of HEV RNA served as the basis for determination of viral infectivity rather than the CPE measurement technique employed for TCID 50 calculation in conventional cell culture–based infectivity assays.…”

“…37 The fact that both technologies use photoactive compounds that must enter the virus particle to reach the nucleic acids may explain their variable inactivation efficacy against nonenveloped viruses (Table 2). 3,[38][39][40][41][42] In contrast to enveloped viruses, some nonenveloped virusesparticularly picornaviruses such as HAV, poliovirus, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)-have tightly packed protein capsids that provide stability but may thwart the penetration of small-molecular substances such as inactivation agents. 5 Their tight capsid structure may exclude even low-molecular-weight compounds, such as psoralens and riboflavin, from the interior of the virus, making PI less effective against these viruses.…”

Pathogen-Inaktivierungssysteme für Thrombozytenkonzentrate

“…Vergleichbar niedrige Inaktivierung wurde in beiden Systemen für die nicht-umhüllten Viren berichtet (HAV 0,62 log 10 vs. 0,76 log 10 und für PPV 0,27 log 10 vs. 0,38 log 10 ). Jedoch konnte durch die Behandlung mit MIRA-SOL® eine Reduktion von HEV Genotyp 3 und 4 eine Reduktion von ≥2-≥3 log 10 erreicht werden [71] . Von anderen AuTab.…”

Hepatitis E Virus

“…The efficiency of virus inactivation procedures that had been developed for plasma and cellular blood products (like treatment with amotosalen, derivatives of psoralen, riboflavin or methylene blue) do not appear to be safe. In a study, riboflavin showed only limited reduction of the virus load by factor of 100-1,000 [222]. …”