Hepatitis E Virus

Pauli, Georg; Aepfelbacher, Martin; Bauerfeind, Ursula; Blümel, Johannes; Bürger, Reinhard; Гартнер, Барбара; Gröner, Albrecht; Gürtler, Lutz; Heiden, M.; Hildebrandt, Martin; Jansen, B.; Offergeld, Ruth; Schlenkrich, Uwe; Schottstedt,; Seitz, Rainer; Strobel, Jürgen; Willkommen, Hannelore; Sa, Baylis

doi:10.1159/000431191

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(397 reference statements)

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“…In 2015, the German Advisory Committee Blood [38] commented that severely immunosuppressed patients would “potentially” benefit from HEV-RNA-negative blood, bearing in mind that further research in relation to HEV infection and disease severity is warranted. At the time, they also commented that “a HEV-NAT with a sensitivity of approximately 100 IU/mL would be necessary to achieve a considerable reduction of HEV transmissions.” The following year, an increase in the number of HEV infections was reported to national surveillance systems with 84% of HEV infections being acquired locally (HEV is a notifiable disease since 2001) [39].…”

Section: Overview Of Eu Blood Donor Screening Methods and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Boland

Martinez

Pomeroy

et al. 2019

Transfus Med Hemother

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This review article summarises hepatitis E virus (HEV) blood donation screening strategies in effect in the European Union (EU). Since 2012, eight EU countries have implemented HEV screening. Local rates of seroprevalence, RNA incidence, and molecular epidemiology are variable and not usually directly comparable. We report a range of HEV-RNA reactivity rates from 1 in 744 donations (France) to 1 in 8,636 donations (Wales) with an overall EU rate of 1 in 3,109 donations (3.2 million donations screened). HEV genotypes 3c, 3e, and 3f are the most frequently reported subtypes. In these 8 countries, both universal (n = 5) and selective (n = 3) screening policies have been introduced utilising either individual donation (ID; n = 1) or mini-pool (MP; n = 7; MP-6, -16, -24, and -96) testing. We also describe the Irish experience of HEV screening utilising an ID-NAT-based donor screening algorithm which intercepts donations even from those with low-level viraemia; 21 of 56 donors (37.5%) had a viral load (VL) < 100 IU/mL. We performed a MP-24 experiment which may prove useful to colleagues in relation to donor screening and associated blood component transmissibility. Irish results indicate that 59% of donors with a HEV-VL < 450 IU/mL may have screened negative in a MP-24.

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Section: Overview Of Eu Blood Donor Screening Methods and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Boland

Martinez

Pomeroy

et al. 2019

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…Importantly, most of the reported sporadic hepatitis E cases include foodborne infections caused by uncooked/undercooked products from infected animals, person-to-person blood transfusion-mediated infections, and solid organ transplant-mediated HEV transmission events ( Pas et al, 2012 ; Wedemeyer et al, 2012 ; Pauli et al, 2015 ; Sue et al, 2016 ). These HEV transmission routes minimize ex vivo environmental influences, speculation that HEV particles causing infection in these cases are quasi-enveloped viral particles rather than naked particles.…”

Section: Improved Zoonotic Hev Vaccines: Implications From Quasi-envementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Development against Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Open Questions and Remaining Challenges

Nan

Zhao

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecal-orally transmitted foodborne viral pathogen that causes acute hepatitis in humans and is responsible for hepatitis E outbreaks worldwide. Since the discovery of HEV as a zoonotic agent, this virus has been isolated from a variety of hosts with an ever-expanding host range. Recently, a subunit HEV vaccine developed for the prevention of human disease was approved in China, but is not yet available to the rest of the world. Meanwhile, notable progress and knowledge has been made and revealed in recent years to better understand HEV biology and infection, including discoveries of quasi-enveloped HEV virions and of a new function of the HEV-ORF3 product. However, the impact of these new findings on the development of a protective vaccine against zoonotic HEV infection requires further discussion. In this review, hallmark characteristics of HEV zoonosis, the history of HEV vaccine development, and recent discoveries in HEV virology are described. Moreover, special attention is focused on quasi-enveloped HEV virions and the potential role of the HEV-ORF3 product as antibody-neutralization target on the surface of quasi-enveloped HEV virions to provide new insights for the future development of improved vaccines against zoonotic HEV infection.

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“…In addition to the fecal-oral route, transfusion creates a potential route of HEV transmission from person to person [ 42 ]. Infectious HEV has been found in blood components, and has caused persistent infection in immunosuppressed patients receiving blood transfusions [ 6 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Envelopment On Hev Transmission Between Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Envelopment in the HEV Life Cycle

Yin

Feng

2016

Viruses

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an enterically transmitted hepatotropic virus, was thought to be non-enveloped for decades. However, recent studies have revealed that the virus circulating in the patient’s blood is completely cloaked in host membranes and resistant to neutralizing antibodies. The discovery of this novel enveloped form of HEV has raised a series of questions about the fundamental biology of HEV and the way this virus, which has been understudied in the past, interacts with its host. Here, we review recent advances towards understanding this phenomenon and discuss its potential impact on various aspects of the HEV life cycle and immunity.

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Hepatitis E Virus

Cited by 17 publications

References 217 publications

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union

Vaccine Development against Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Open Questions and Remaining Challenges

Role of Envelopment in the HEV Life Cycle

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