Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental condition resulting in enamel defects in first permanent molars and permanent incisors. It presents at eruption of these teeth. One to four molars, and often also the incisors, could be affected. Since first recognized, the condition has been puzzling and interpreted as a distinct phenomenon unlike other enamel disturbances. Early diagnosis is essential since, rapid breakdown of tooth structure may occur, giving rise to acute symptoms and complicated treatment. The purpose of this article is to review MIH and illustrate its diagnosis and clinical management in young children.How to cite this article: Garg N, Jain AK, Saha S, Singh J. Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):190-196.

Prevalence and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Students of Belém, Brazil

“…Hypoplasia is defined as quantitative enamel defects where there is involvement of the tooth surface and aggression occurred in the secretory phase of the enamel matrix formation. Hypomineralization or opacities are characterized by qualitative enamel defects occurring in its maturation phase [8].…”

Prevalence of Enamel Hypoplasia and Enamel Hypocalcification in a Group of Egyptian Children

“…On the other hand the results for IDDM patients, showed no statistically significant association between presence of disease and enamel defects, which may be due to antidiabetic drugs taken by all diabetic children since anti-diabetic medication resulted in normal enamel ultrastructure (41) , or the onset of disease begin after enamel formation is completed because enamel once formed is not remodeled (42). Meanwhile other results showed the opposite, which reported a decrease in the secretion of enamel matrix forming a thinner enamel layer in diabetes (43,41) Regarding Rheumatic fever patients, there was no statistically significant association between presence of disease and enamel defects in all groups which is similar to the results obtained by certain studies (44)(45)(46) .…”

Modified glass ionomer and orthodontic band: An interim alternative for the treatment of molar incisor hypomineralization. A case report.

“…4,6 In this context, children with MIH may experience increased sensitivity (making it difficult to anesthetize them) and present about 10 times more need for restorative treatment, significantly reducing their quality of life. 7 As the exact cause of this condition has not yet been discovered (making prevention unlikely), 8,9 early diagnosis and effective restorative techniques appear to be the primary clinical goals for the treatment of affected children.…”

“…In one single mouth it is possible to find a severely affected molar, others with mild lesions and some without any lesions. 4 MIH can be clinically observed in some teeth as opacities with intact enamel surface and, in more severely affected teeth, as extensive areas of broken enamel. …”