Background/Aim
Knowledge of factors influencing the occurrence of crown discoloration following traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and understanding its possible consequences can help dentists to provide appropriate care. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of crown discoloration following trauma in primary teeth. This study also estimated the risk of pulp necrosis with subsequent infection of the root canal system and pulp canal obliteration in discolored teeth.
Material and Methods
Records of children treated at the specialized trauma center of the Federal University of Pelotas during a period of 10 years were analyzed. Patient details including the type of injury, presence of crown discoloration, pulp necrosis, and pulp canal obliteration were collected. Photographs of teeth with crown discoloration were assessed to evaluate the color presented (yellow or dark). Chi‐square tests and Poisson regression were used for data analyses (P < .05).
Results
A total of 355 children with 628 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The incidence of crown discoloration was 27.9%, and 20.5% of the teeth were affected. Discoloration was higher in children whose age at the time of trauma was 2‐4 years (P = .020), and it was associated with the type of injury (P = .019). Discolored teeth had a twofold risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system (RR 1.98 95% CI 1.42‐276; P < .001) and a higher risk of pulp canal obliteration (RR 8.47; 95% CI 4.95‐14.51; P < .001) than did teeth without discoloration. Teeth with dark and yellow discoloration were significantly associated with pulp necrosis and pulp canal obliteration, respectively (P < .001).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring traumatized primary teeth with crown discoloration, particularly those appearing darker, owing to their higher risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system.
Objective: To measure the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), its severity and association with dental caries among public school children from Belém/PA, Brazil. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with children enrolled in three public schools of Belém, which were selected by simple random sampling. MIH diagnosis was carried out according to criteria of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Results: Among the 260 students that met the inclusion criteria, 56.92% were male and 43.07% female. The average age was 10.22 years. Of these, 8.84% (n = 23) had MIH, but there was no statistically significant difference in this prevalence between sexes (p = 0.6244). The most affected teeth were the upper first permanent molars, followed by lower first permanent molars and upper permanent central incisors. About 43.48% of students had at least one tooth with severe defect in enamel and 30.43% of students with MIH presented dental caries in the affected teeth. Conclusion: Severe MIH was not the most prevalent among schoolchildren, but the relationship with dental caries found demonstrates the importance of knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of enamel defects, which should be part of promotion and prevention actions in oral health due to its epidemiological impact in the demographic change of dental caries.
Introduction: Violence against minors can manifest in many forms and is considered a public health problem due to the physical and emotional consequences it produces. The dentist has a fundamental role in detecting victims of violence, as the face is often the most affected region. Objective: To review the national and international literature concerning injuries and most common oral conditions of children and adolescents victims of abuse. Literature review:The descriptors used were "child abuse", "child violence", "physical violence", "psychological violence", "dental caries", and "oral health" for international databases and the corresponding terms in Portuguese for Brazilian databases, with no restriction of year of publication and language. Through the articles included in this review, it appears that children with maltreatment history presents not only high prevalence of head injuries and dental traumas, but may also have poor oral hygiene and low search for dental services and consequently higher rates of untreated caries compared with children who lived in contexts without violence. Conclusion: Although the literature suggested that children and adolescents who have suffered abuse may have worse oral health status than those who were not victims of violence, more studies are needed to understand whether there are actually significant differences in the prevalence trauma, soft tissue injuries, tooth decay, and periodontal disease among types of child abuse.
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