Essential oils composition and antioxidant properties of three Thymus species

Abstract

The essential oils of three wild-growing Thymus species, collected from west of Iran during the flowering stage, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under the optimum extraction and analysis conditions, 44, 38, and 38 constituents (mainly monoterpenes compounds) were identified in T. kotschyanus Boiss. and Hohen, T. eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas, and T. daenensis subsp lancifolius (Celak) Jalas which represented 89.9%, 99.7%, and 95.8% of the oils, respectively. The main constituents were thymol (16.4-42.6%), carvacrol (7.6-52.3%), and γ-terpinene (3-11.4%). Antioxidant activity was employed by two complementary test systems, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems. Antioxidant activity of polar subfraction of T. daenensis subsp lancifolius (Celak) Jalas was found to be higher than those of the others in DPPH assay, while nonpolar subfraction of T. eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas has most antioxidant activity in β-carotene/linoleic acid test (19.1 ± 0.1 μg/mL and 96.1 ± 0.8% inhibition rate, resp.).

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of essential oils encapsulated in zein nanoparticles prepared by liquid–liquid dispersion method

“…Amiri et al (2011) reported that about 0.1 mg/ml of thymol and 0.3 mg/ml of carvacrol could provide 50% inhibition of DPPH . In our study 0.67 mg/ml zein encapsulated carvacrol at pH 4 and 10 inhibited 50% of DPPH and carvacrol at pH 6.5 and thymol at all pH achieved more than 50% inhibition of DPPH .…”

Influence of seasonal variation on Thymus longicaulis C. Presl chemical composition and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

“…This plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, typical representative of the Illyric-Mediterranean flora, has been extensively investigated for the composition and/or biological properties of its essential oils (Azaz et al, 2004;De Martino et al, 2009). Genetic, physiological and environmental factors as well as processing conditions may play an important role while defining the chemistry and chemical composition of T. longicaulis essential oils (Amiri, 2012). GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in determination twenty-two different compounds, representing 99.61% of total oil http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.015 0031-9422/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

Antioxidative Properties and Inhibition of Key Enzymes Relevant to Type-2 Diabetes and Hypertension by Essential Oils from Black Pepper

“…Furthermore, some medicinal properties of essential oils from aromatic spice plants have been established, especially essential oils from black pepper ( Piper guineense ) seeds which have been shown to have antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsive, and sedative activities [5–7]. Black pepper ( Piper guineense ) is a spicy plant whose essential oils from the seed and leaves are being extracted and sold in commercial quantities in many countries [8].…”