“…10,11 This is why zein has been used to entrap drugs and nutraceuticals, eg, curcumin, 12 5-fluorouracil, 13 α-tocopherol, 14 lutein, 15 glibenclamide, 16 and essential oils. 17 However, due to their low net charge close to the isoelectric point (pI ≈6.2), the poor physical stability and dispersibility of freeze-dried zein nanoparticles at a neutral pH are detrimental to an efficacious application of this material in the alimentary and pharmaceutical fields. 18 In this attempt, sodium caseinate, 19 lecithin, Pluronic F68 ® , 20 and Tween 20 ® were used as stabilizers to prevent the colloidal aggregation of zein-based nanosystems by decreasing their hydrophobic attraction and increasing steric repulsion.…”
Background
The use of biopolymers is increasing in drug delivery, thanks to the peculiar properties of these compounds such as their biodegradability, availability, and the possibility of modulating their physico-chemical characteristics. In particular, protein-based systems such as albumin are able to interact with many active compounds, modulating their biopharmaceutical properties. Zein is a protein of 20–40 kDa made up of many hydrophobic amino acids, generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and used as a coating material.
Methods
In this investigation, zein was combined with various surfactants in order to obtain stable nanosystems by means of the nanoprecipitation technique. Specific parameters, eg, temperature, pH value, Turbiscan Stability Index, serum stability, in vitro cytotoxicity and entrapment efficiency of various model compounds were investigated, in order to identify the nanoformulation most useful for a systemic drug delivery application.
Results
The use of non-ionic and ionic surfactants such as Tween 80, poloxamer 188, and sodium deoxycholate allowed us to obtain nanoparticles characterized by a mean diameter of 100–200 nm when a protein concentration of 2 mg/mL was used. The surface charge was modulated by means of the protein concentration and the nature of the stabilizer. The most suitable nanoparticle formulation to be proposed as a colloidal drug delivery system was obtained using sodium deoxycholate (1.25% w/v) because it was characterized by a narrow size distribution, a good storage stability after freeze-drying and significant feature of retaining lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds.
Conclusion
The sodium deoxycholate-coated zein nanoparticles are stable biocompatible colloidal carriers to be used as useful drug delivery systems.
“…10,11 This is why zein has been used to entrap drugs and nutraceuticals, eg, curcumin, 12 5-fluorouracil, 13 α-tocopherol, 14 lutein, 15 glibenclamide, 16 and essential oils. 17 However, due to their low net charge close to the isoelectric point (pI ≈6.2), the poor physical stability and dispersibility of freeze-dried zein nanoparticles at a neutral pH are detrimental to an efficacious application of this material in the alimentary and pharmaceutical fields. 18 In this attempt, sodium caseinate, 19 lecithin, Pluronic F68 ® , 20 and Tween 20 ® were used as stabilizers to prevent the colloidal aggregation of zein-based nanosystems by decreasing their hydrophobic attraction and increasing steric repulsion.…”
Background
The use of biopolymers is increasing in drug delivery, thanks to the peculiar properties of these compounds such as their biodegradability, availability, and the possibility of modulating their physico-chemical characteristics. In particular, protein-based systems such as albumin are able to interact with many active compounds, modulating their biopharmaceutical properties. Zein is a protein of 20–40 kDa made up of many hydrophobic amino acids, generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and used as a coating material.
Methods
In this investigation, zein was combined with various surfactants in order to obtain stable nanosystems by means of the nanoprecipitation technique. Specific parameters, eg, temperature, pH value, Turbiscan Stability Index, serum stability, in vitro cytotoxicity and entrapment efficiency of various model compounds were investigated, in order to identify the nanoformulation most useful for a systemic drug delivery application.
Results
The use of non-ionic and ionic surfactants such as Tween 80, poloxamer 188, and sodium deoxycholate allowed us to obtain nanoparticles characterized by a mean diameter of 100–200 nm when a protein concentration of 2 mg/mL was used. The surface charge was modulated by means of the protein concentration and the nature of the stabilizer. The most suitable nanoparticle formulation to be proposed as a colloidal drug delivery system was obtained using sodium deoxycholate (1.25% w/v) because it was characterized by a narrow size distribution, a good storage stability after freeze-drying and significant feature of retaining lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds.
Conclusion
The sodium deoxycholate-coated zein nanoparticles are stable biocompatible colloidal carriers to be used as useful drug delivery systems.
“…The technique maintains their chemical stability and promotes their release at the desired time and rate. Encapsulation efficiency depends on the method employed [27], on wall material [13] and on the particle size [26] which may be adjusted according to the process parameters such as the type of surfactant used or the method for obtaining it.…”
“…They have more hydrophobic than hydrophilic amino acids in their structure, making them insoluble in water, which is a requirement for the preparation of water-based formulations. 9,10 These proteins have been extensively investigated because of their ability to form nanoparticles (NPs) for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, such as essential oils, 11,12 and also for controlled drug delivery for biomedical applications. 13,14,10 Because of their high biocompatibility and ability to form nanospheres through coacervation, zeins are natural raw materials with potential uses in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and biomedicine.…”
Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention because of their possible use in the development of strategies for the topical delivery of oils and therapeutic drugs, particularly when drug penetration in dermis is desired. Zein is a prolamine and is a promising material for the design of drug delivery systems. In this study, NPs were prepared with zein and were used to encapsulate and release terpinen-4-ol, which is a therapeutic agent for the treatment of melanoma. The results show that the zein NPs are promising nanostructured systems for the prolonged delivery of T4OL with potential applications in anti-melanoma therapy.
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