Escherichia coli removal and internal dynamics in subsurface flow ecotechnologies: Effects of design and plants

Headley, Tom R; Nivala, Jaime; Kassa, Kinfe; Olsson, Lena; Wallace, Scott; Brix, Hans; Afferden, Manfred van; Müller, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.062

Cited by 85 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On average, reduction of coliforms was 65% in RVG and 62% in PET substrates ( Figure 7D). These results are consistent with those obtained by Headley et al [80], who did not find significant differences between the results of CWs vertical flow with vegetation and without vegetation. These results indicate that the vegetation does not play an important role in the elimination of CF (Fecal Coliforms).…”

Section: Fecal Coliformssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The high costs involved in treating wastewater are problems that developing countries confront, mainly in rural areas. Therefore, Constructed Wetlands (CWs), which are composed of substrate, vegetation, and microorganisms, are an economically and ecologically viable option for wastewater treatment in these places. There is a wide variety of possibilities for substrates and ornamental plants that have not yet been evaluated to be implemented in future CW designs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the process of adaptation and removal of wastewater pollutants in CW microcosms using different terrestrial ornamental plants (Lavandula sp., Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Zantedeschia aethiopica). Those plants were sown in two types of substrate: red volcanic gravel (RVG) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). CWs with vegetation reduced 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) by 68% with RVG substrate and 63% with PET substrate, nitrates 50% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, phosphates 38% in RVG substrate and 35% in PET substrate, and fecal coliforms 64% in RVG and 59% in PET substrate). In control microcosms without vegetation, reductions were significantly lower than those in the presence of plants, with reduction of BOD 5 by 61% in RVG substrate and 55% in PET substrate, nitrates 26% in RVG substrate and 22% in PET substrate, phosphates 27% in RVG substrate and 25% in PET substrate. Concerning fecal coliforms 62% were removed in RVG substrate and 59% in PET substrate. Regarding the production of flowers, Lavandula sp. did not manage to adapt and died 45 days after sowing and did not produce flowers. Spathiphyllum wallisii produced 12 flowers in RVG and nine flowers in PET, while Zantedeschia aethiopica produced 10 in RVG and 7 in PET. These results showed that the use of substrates made of RVG and PET is a viable alternative to be implemented in CWs. In addition, the reuse of PET is an option that decreases pollution by garbage. The plants Spathiphyllum wallisii and Zantedeschia aethiopica remarkably contribute in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. Additionally, the use of ornamental plants, with commercial interest such as those evaluated, enables an added value to the CW to be given, which can be used for flower production purposes on a larger scale and favor its acceptance within rural communities.

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Section: Fecal Coliformssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

et al. 2018

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“…The probability of a potential volatilization of ammonia as a contribution to TN removal is quite low owing to constant effluent pH levels of approximately 7. These results are in agreement with other studies such as Boog [17], Headley et al [3], Labella et al [1], and Nivala et al [23], which report a similar treatment performance for carbon, nitrogen, and pathogen removal in aerated treatment wetlands. Air flow by the electric aeration system during phase one was not measured directly but can be inferred from Boog [17], who measured the air flow rate of two electric air pumps of the same type as in this study, in a planted replicate wetland at the same site as in this study to approximately 1000 NL·h −1 each.…”

Section: Treatment Performance Of the Experimental Systemsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Aerated treatment wetlands have become an increasingly recognized technology for treating wastewaters from domestic and various industrial origins under different climate conditions [1][2][3][4][5]. The main advantage of this technology is its high oxygen supply to the microbial community present, which enables increased rates of aerobic microbial degradation of pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Wetland Aeration without Electricity? Lessons Learned from the First Experiment Using a Wind-Driven Air Pump

Boog

Nivala

Aubron

et al. 2016

Water

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Aerated treatment wetlands have become an increasingly recognized technology for treating wastewaters from domestic and various industrial origins. To date, treatment wetland aeration is provided by air pumps which require access to the energy grid. The requirement for electricity increases the ecological footprint of an aerated wetland and limits the application of this technology to areas with centralized electrical infrastructure. Wind power offers another possibility as a driver for wetland aeration, but its use for this purpose has not yet been investigated. This paper reports the first experimental trial using a simple wind-driven air pump to replace the conventional electric air blowers of an aerated horizontal subsurface flow wetland. The wind-driven air pump was connected to a two-year old horizontal flow aerated wetland which had been in continuous (24 h) aeration since startup. The wind-driven aeration system functioned, however it was not specifically adapted to wetland aeration. As a result, treatment performance decreased compared to prior continuous aeration. Inconsistent wind speed at the site may have resulted in insufficient pressure within the aeration manifold, resulting in insufficient air supply to the wetland. This paper discusses the lessons learned during the experiment.

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“…Note that the lowest removal of FC coincided with those of TSS and ammonia (Table 4). This result suggests that both the mulch and the continuous feeding improved the effect of media filtration [37] and aeration [38]. Saeed and Sun [35] also observed improved removal of FC in wood mulch in comparison with gravel in bench-scale VFs.…”

Section: Effect Of Influent Feeding Mode (Pulse Vs Continuous)mentioning

confidence: 49%

Effect of Substrate, Feeding Mode and Number of Stages on the Performance of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Systems

Melián

Borreguero-Fabelo

Araña

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:A hybrid constructed wetland mesocosm has been used for the treatment of raw urban wastewater. The first stage was a mulch-based, subsurface, horizontal flow constructed wetland (HF). The HF achieved good removals of COD (61%; 54 g/m 2 ·day) and Total Suspended Solids (84%; 29 g/m 2 ·day). The second stage was composed of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF) that were employed to study the effect of substrate (gravel vs. mulch), feeding mode (continuous vs. intermittent) and the number of stages (1 vs. 2) on performance. High hydraulic and organic surface loadings (513-583 L/m 2 ·day and 103-118 g/m 2 ·day of COD) were applied to the reactors. The mulch was more efficient than gravel for all the parameters analyzed. The continuous feeding allowed a 3 to 6-fold reduction of the surface area required.

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Escherichia coli removal and internal dynamics in subsurface flow ecotechnologies: Effects of design and plants

Cited by 85 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands

Treatment Wetland Aeration without Electricity? Lessons Learned from the First Experiment Using a Wind-Driven Air Pump

Effect of Substrate, Feeding Mode and Number of Stages on the Performance of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Systems

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