Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from private water supplies in the Netherlands

Schets, Franciska M.; During, M; Italiaander, Ronald; Heijnen, Leo; Rutjes, Saskia A.; Zwaluw, W K van der; Husman, Ana Maria de Roda

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.08.025

Cited by 86 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(Tables 3 and 4) from analyzed samples in this study is an indication of poor hygiene and sanitation on the part of the users and pose health risks. The presence of E. coli and opportunistic pathogens in some of the samples indicated recent faecal contamination and is of major health importance.Similar studies were carried out by Schets et al [48] who analyzed quality of drinking water from private water supplies in Netherland, the result showed that 10.9% samples were contaminated due to faecal organisms such as E. coli and Enterococcus species. Filamentous fungi (mainly of the genera Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus (Table 4) are typically more prevalent than yeast and yeast-like fungi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Comparative Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Source and Stored Household Waters in Some Selected Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical and microbial qualities of source and stored household waters in some communities in Southwestern Nigeria using standard methods. Compared parameters include: physicochemical constituents; Temperature (T), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Magnesium ion (Mg 2+ ) and Calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) and microbiological parameters included Total Coliform Counts (TC), Faecal Coliform Counts (FC), Fungal Counts (Fung C), Heterotrophic Plate Counts (HPC).Comparing Stored and Source samples, the mean values of some physicochemical parameters of most of the stored water samples significantly (p < 0.05) exceeded that of Sources and ranged in the following order: T (15.3 ± 0.3 • C-28.3 ± 0.5 • C), pH (6.4 ± 0.1-7.6 ± 0.1), TDS (192.1 ± 11.1 ppm-473.7 ± 27.9 ppm), TH (10.6 ± 1.7 mg/L-248.6 ± 18.6 mg/L), BOD (0.5 ± 0.0 mg/L-3.2 ± 0.3 mg/L), Mg 2+ (6.5 ± 2.4 mg/L-29.1 ± 3.2 mg/L) and Ca 2+ (6.5 ± 2.4 mg/L-51.6 ± 4.4 mg/L). The mean microbial counts obtained from microbial comparison of different points (Stored and Source) of collection showed that most of the stored water had counts significantly exceeding (p < 0.05) those of the source water samples (cfu/100 mL) which ranged as follows: TC (3.1 ± 1.5-156.8 ± 42.9), FC (0.0 ± 0.0-64.3 ± 14.2) and HPC (47.8 ± 12.1-266.1 ± 12.2) across all sampled communities. Also, the predominant isolates recovered from the samples were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. and Candida spp. The presence of these pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms in the waters and the high counts of the indicator organisms suggest the waters to be a threat to public health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Comparative Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Source and Stored Household Waters in Some Selected Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

et al. 2017

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“…While ∼13% of the Irish population were habitually exposed to water from private (unregulated) wells in 2011, 43% of confirmed VTEC cases were characterized by likely exposure [21]. Schets et al [22] reported E. coli O157:H7 presence in 2·7% of private groundwater supplies in The Netherlands, with molecular analyses indicating cattle as the most probable source. Strachan et al [16] reported a significant relationship between reliance on private water supplies and the incidence of human VTEC infection in Scotland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geostatistical investigation of agricultural and infrastructural risk factors associated with primary verotoxigenicE. coli(VTEC) infection in the Republic of Ireland, 2008–2013

ÓhAiseadha

Hynds²,

Fallon

et al. 2016

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYIreland reports the highest incidence of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection in Europe. This study investigated potential risk factors for confirmed sporadic and outbreak primary VTEC infections during 2008-2013. Overall, 989 VTEC infections including 521 serogroup O157 and 233 serogroup O26 were geo-referenced to 931 of 18 488 census enumeration areas. The geographical distribution of human population, livestock, unregulated groundwater sources, domestic wastewater treatment systems (DWWTS) and a deprivation index were examined relative to notification of VTEC events in 524 of 6242 rural areas. Multivariate modelling identified three spatially derived variables associated with VTEC notification: private well usage [odds ratio (OR) 6·896, P < 0·001], cattle density (OR 1·002, P < 0·001) and DWWTS density (OR 0·978, P = 0·002). Private well usage (OR 18·727, P < 0·001) and cattle density (OR 1·001, P = 0·007) were both associated with VTEC O157 infection, while DWWTS density (OR 0·987, P = 0·028) was significant within the VTEC O26 model. Findings indicate that VTEC infection in the Republic of Ireland is particularly associated with rural areas, which are associated with a ubiquity of pathogen sources (cattle) and pathways (unregulated groundwater supplies).

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“…The assessment of risk of illness related to pathogens in relation to drinking water is relatively limited (Teunis et al 1997;Carrique-Mas et al 2005). Schets et al (2005) suggest in their investigation of drinking water from private wells that a risk assessment should be performed as the monitoring of both faecal indicators and pathogens does not predict the health effects of microbial contamination of drinking water on a population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial groundwater quality and its health implications for a border-strip irrigated dairy farm catchment, South Island, New Zealand

Dann

Ball

et al. 2007

Journal of Water and Health

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Intensification of dairying on irrigated pastures has led to concern over the microbial quality of shallow groundwater used for drinking purposes. The effects of intensive dairying and border-strip irrigation on the leaching of E. coli and Campylobacter to shallow groundwater were assessed over a three-year period in the Waikakahi catchment, Canterbury, New Zealand. Well selection excluded other sources of contamination so that the effect of dairying with border-strip irrigation could be assessed. Groundwater samples (135) were collected, mostly during the irrigation season, with E. coli being detected in 75% of samples. Campylobacter was identified in 16 samples (12%). A risk assessment of drinking water with these levels of Campylobacter was undertaken. A probability distribution was fitted to the observed Campylobacter data and the @RISK modeling software was used, assuming a dose response relationship for Campylobacter and consumption of 1 L/day of water. The probability of infection on any given day in the study area was estimated at 0.50% to 0.76%, giving an estimated probability of infection during the irrigation season of 60% to 75%. An epidemiological assessment of the Canterbury region comparing areas encompassing dairy within major irrigation schemes (,55% border-strip irrigation) to two control groups was undertaken. Control group 1 (CG1) encompasses areas of dairying without major irrigation schemes, and a second larger control group (CG2) comprises the rest of the Canterbury region. Comparisons of the subject group to control groups indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in age-standardised rates of campylobacteriosis (CG1 Relative Risk (RR) ¼ 1.51 (95% CI ¼ 1.31-1.75); CG2 RR ¼ 1.51 (1.33-1.72)); cryptosporidiosis (CG1 RR ¼ 2.08 (1.55-2.79); CG2 RR ¼ 5.33 (4.12-6.90)); and salmonellosis (CG2 RR ¼ 2.05 (1.55-2.71)).

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from private water supplies in the Netherlands

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Source and Stored Household Waters in Some Selected Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

Comparative Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Source and Stored Household Waters in Some Selected Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

A geostatistical investigation of agricultural and infrastructural risk factors associated with primary verotoxigenicE. coli(VTEC) infection in the Republic of Ireland, 2008–2013

Microbial groundwater quality and its health implications for a border-strip irrigated dairy farm catchment, South Island, New Zealand

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