EPR Studies of O₂^•−, OH, and ¹O₂ Scavenging and Prevention of Glutathione Depletion in Fibroblast Cells by Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside Isolated from Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruits

Abstract

Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside (C3R) is the major anthocyanin in fresh fig fruits. In this study, the free radical scavenging potential of C3R was evaluated in vitro using several free radical generators. This naturally occurring anthocyanin was superior to other tested natural antioxidants in scavenging ABTS(*+). Electron paramagnetic resonance served to determine the scavenging properties of C3R toward superoxide radical anion (O(2)(*-)), hydroxyl radical ((*)OH), and singlet radical ((1)O(2)). The protection of NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells was then tested as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in a dose-dependent manner. It was further demonstrated that treatment with C3R elevates the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) in fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, C3R reduced the induction of ROS by butathionine sulfoximine (BSO) and elevated the redox ratio. Thus, it is suggested that C3R in fresh fig fruits is a potent scavenger and may influence endogenous antioxidant systems of consumers.

Bioavailability of Cyanidin Glycosides from Natural Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Juice with Dietary-Relevant Dose of Anthocyanins in Humans

“…The chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) was chosen as it is an excellent source of anthocyanins such as cyanidin, a strong in vitro antioxidant, and a component of the human diet, mainly as an additive for fruit drinks, wine and jam, as well as gaining in popularity as a source of intensive color and phytochemicals beneficial to health ,, . Because cyanidin compounds possess strong biological activities ,− , therefore, to estimate the potential beneficial effect of this substance on the body of the consumer after absorption, our investigation focused only on the study of compounds whose main core is flavylium cation structure.…”

Nutritional and pharmacological importance of Ficus carica - A review

“…It elevated the reduced glutathione concentration and the redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) in fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside reduced the induction of ROS by butathionine sulfoximine and elevated the redox ratio [93]. Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside was also evaluated by various antioxidant assays in vitro and correlated with its protective effect to cultured NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells.…”

Hydroxyl scavenging activity accounts for differential antioxidant protection ofPlantago majoragainst oxidative toxicity in isolated rat liver mitochondria

“…After the reaction the solution was transferred to an EPR flat cell, and measurements were carried out with the EPR conditions described in the assay using DPPH. These measurements helped in identifying reaction radicals, but the instability of DMPO‐adducts radicals does not allow for their quantification [21] …”

“…These measurements helped in identifying reaction radicals, but the instability of DMPO-adducts radicals does not allow for their quantification. [21]…”