Bioavailability of Cyanidin Glycosides from Natural Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Juice with Dietary-Relevant Dose of Anthocyanins in Humans

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of anthocyanins from chokeberry juice with a dietary-relevant dose of anthocyanins. Thirteen healthy volunteers consumed chokeberry juice providing 0.8 mg of anthocyanins/kg of body weight. Before and after juice consumption, blood and urine were collected. Concentration of anthocyanins was measured with HPLC-PDA-MS-ESI. Cyanidin-3-galactoside comprised 66% of total chokeberry anthocyanins. Eight cyanidin derivatives were found in blood and urine after juice consumption. The maximum plasma anthocyanin concentration of 32.7 ± 2.9 nmol/L was reached at 1.3 ± 0.1 h after juice consumption. The anthocyanins' urine excretion rate (62.9 ± 5.0 nmol/h) was the highest within the first 2 h. In total, 0.25 ± 0.02% of the ingested anthocyanins was excreted by the renal route during 24 h, mainly as metabolites of cyanidin. According to these observations, after consumption of a dietary-relevant dose of anthocyanins as natural chokeberry juice, anthocyanins and their metabolites were present in plasma and urine of volunteers.

Multidimensional comparative analysis of phenolic compounds in organic juices with high antioxidant capacity

“…These cyanidins were undetected in elderberry juice and pomegranate juice. Other authors have shown that chokeberry anthocyanins consist mainly of four different glycosides: cyanidin‐3‐galactoside, arabinoside, glucoside and xyloside, but cyanidin‐3‐galactoside and cyanidin‐3‐arabinoside constitute over 75% of the total anthocyanins . The literature date indicate that berry juices contain high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids (especially chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid) and considerable levels of flavonols, mainly quercetin derivatives .…”

“…These compounds are found, for example, in chokeberry, in which they are responsible for its deep‐purple color. Chokeberry anthocyanins are composed mainly of cyanidin glycosides (glucoside, xyloside, galactoside and arabinoside), but cyanidin galactoside and arabinoside cover about 90% of total anthocyanins . Chokeberries are also rich in proanthocyanidins (PACs), which affect the astringent taste of fruit .…”

Chokeberry Anthocyanin Extract as Pancreaticβ-Cell Protectors in Two Models of Induced Oxidative Stress

“…These concentrations were reached in about 2 h after consumption [16]. The total concentration of anthocyanins in human plasma after chokeberry juice consumption was about 32.7 nmol/L and was reached in about 1.3 h [17]. …”

Metabolites of dietary quercetin: Profile, isolation, identification, and antioxidant capacity

“…The investigation of Lesser, Cermak, and Wolffram (2004) and Cermak, Landgraf, and Wolffram (2003) showed that depending on the diet used and the form of Q, the maximum concentration of Q in pig blood plasma after Q administration was in the interval between 45 and 210 min. Moreover, the maximum concentration of other metabolites of flavonoids in urine after oral intake was in the interval between 2 and 6 h (Manach et al, 2005;Wiczkowski et al, 2010). Based on these results, the urine was collected before (0 h) and between 2 and 6 h after onion dry skin consumption.…”

“…Determination of quercetin metabolites profile in pig urine after onion dry skin intake Urine metabolites of Q were determined according to the modified method of Wiczkowski, Romaszko, and Piskuła (2010). Extraction of Q metabolites was carried out using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges (J.T.…”