Epizootic of Simian Haemorrhagic Fever

Abstract

Fig. 3. Electron micrograph of vertical section of cuticle of cephalic lobe. F , Inner fibrous layer; M, middle dense layer; V, outer vesicular layer. Ftxed glutaraldehyde, post-fixed osmic acid, stained lead and uranium.surface layers of the mud 12 -14 is by no means proof that pogonophores can exist on such food. Many other soft-bo~ed m.arine invertebrates have been shown to take up ammo-acids and sugars from very dilute solutions, even though they also possess internal digestive systems 15 -18 • We have not yet been able to show any uptake of glucose, and there is the question of very large molecules to consider. Nevertheless, it is tempting to suggest that although most animals may have some capacity for direct absorption of organic matter, the pogonophores have developed this capacity to the point where a gut is not needed.. We thank many colleagues for help and advice, par-tiCularly Professor A . R. Fontaine, Dr C. Manwell and Dr D. Nicholls. We also thank Mr A. C. G. Best for the electron micrographs and Miss J. Kibble and Mrs B. Smith for technical assistance.

The molecular biology of arteriviruses.

“…Three of the four currently known arteriviruses (EAV, LDV and SHFV) were first isolated and characterized 30-40 years ago (Doll et al, 1957 ;Riley et al, 1960 ;Palmer et al, 1968 ;Tauraso et al, 1968). The exception is the porcine arterivirus PRRSV, of which different strains emerged (apparently independently) in the USA and Europe about 10-15 years ago Wensvoort et al, 1991 ;Collins et al, 1992).…”

“…SHFV was first isolated in 1964, after devastating outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever in colonies of captive macaque monkeys Tauraso et al, 1968). The virus appears to be endemic among several genera of African monkeys, in which it causes an asymptomatic persistent infection (London, 1977 ;Gravell et al, 1986 b).…”

“…\ml for EAV. The infection of macrophages and cell lines is highly cytocidal (Burki, 1965 ;Tauraso et al, 1968 ;Pol et al, 1991). The cytopathic effect of EAV, SHFV and PRRSV in cell lines is characterized by rounding of the cells and detachment from the culture plate surface, which allows the titration of these viruses by endpoint dilution or plaque assays (Hyllseth, 1969 ;van Berlo et al, 1980 ;Gravell et al, 1986 b ;Benfield et al, 1992 ;Kim et al, 1993 ;van Nieuwstadt et al, 1996).…”

“…The virus was stable at pH 6n0-7n5, but a pH increase or decrease resulted in loss of infectivity. Likewise, the stability of EAV and SHFV is influenced by temperature and pH (Burki, 1966 ;Tauraso et al, 1968 ;Harry & McCollum, 1981). A schematic representation of the arterivirus architecture is shown in Fig.…”

Avian Leukosis Antibody Response in Individuals Given Chicken Embryo Derived Vaccines

“…(CF) procedure used in our laboratory has been described (9). Five 50% hemolytic units of complement and 8 units of antigen were added to serial 2-fold dilutions, starting with 1:5, of heat-inactivated (56" for 30 min) sera; the hemolytic system was added after incubation at 4 O for 18 hr; and the mixture was incubated at 37" for 30 min with shaking of the plates at 10 and 20 min.…”