Epithelial sealing effectiveness against titanium or zirconia implants surface

Abstract

The aims of implant treatment now involve not only restoration of mastication function, but also recovery of esthetics. Currently, zirconia is widely used as an esthetic material for implant abutment. Therefore, it is very important to understand the efficacy of zirconia for epithelial sealing as an implant material. We compared the effects of materials on the sealing of the peri‐implant epithelium (PIE) to titanium (Ti) or zirconia (Zr) implants, for application to clinical work. Maxillary first molars were extracted from rats and replaced with Ti or Zr implants. The sealing of the PIE to the implants was evaluated with immunohistochemistry observation and HRP analysis. The morphological and functional changes in rat oral epithelial cells (OECs) cultured on Ti or Zr plates were also evaluated. After 4 weeks, the PIE on the Ti and Zr implants showed similar structures. The Zr implants appeared to form a weak epithelial seal at the tissue–implant interface, and exhibited markedly less adhesive structures than the Ti implants under electron microscopic observation. In the in vitro experiments, decreased expression levels of adhesion proteins were observed in OECs cultured on Zr plates compared with those cultured on Ti plates. In addition, the cell adherence on Zr plates was reduced, while the cell migration was low on Ti plates. Zr is a better choice for an esthetic implant material, but needs further improvement for integration with the epithelial wound healing process around a dental implant. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.

Adenovirus-Mediated LAMA3 Transduction Enhances Hemidesmosome Formation and Periodontal Reattachment during Wound Healing

“… 44 To verify the efficacy of epithelial reattachment, we adopted the HRP-penetration assay to assess the biological sealing of the tooth–JE interface. 49 From the penetration distance of the HRP reaction, the Ad-LAMA3 group exhibited higher biological sealing capacity than the saline and Ad-GFP groups. We demonstrated that Ad-LAMA3 could promote and accelerate re-epithelization and reattachment.…”

“…However, previous studies have confirmed that HDs only form in the apical and middle portions of the peri-implant epithelium around implants. 48 , 49 These inconsistent findings could be attributed to the mouse model expressing a truncated form of ameloblastin, resulting in the JE defects. 50 Future studies should be conducted to modify the titanium surface with ameloblastin.…”

Zirconia implants with improved attachment to the gingival tissue

“…It is unknown and difficult to estimate how much attachment is needed clinically to resist an inflammatory breakdown of the seal. However, this was attempted in another experiment by Atsuta et al 42 where horseradish peroxidase (HPR) test was used to mimic bacterial ingression into the gingiva surrounding zirconia and titanium. HPR was found in the connective tissue under the PIE around zirconia and it was concluded that zirconia implants had a weaker seal with epithelial tissue and were at higher risk of infection compared with titanium counterparts.…”

Effects of Different Divalent Cation Hydrothermal Treatments of Titanium Implant Surfaces for Epithelial Tissue Sealing

“…The Ln-332 expression was observed as a band along the interface between the implant and PIE (Figure 4a). A previous study demonstrated that the interface between the dental implant and PIE can be divided into three portions: upper, middle, and lower [28]. The length of Ln-332 (µm) in Cont, Ca-HT, Zn-HT, and Sr-HT groups was, respectively, 415.46 ± 8.26 (95% CI = 395.92-435.00), 609.87 ± 10.87 (95% CI = 584.17-635.58), 563.07 ± 11.02 (95% CI = 537.01-589.15), and 454.69 ± 10.01 (95% CI = 430.84-478.54).…”