Episodic Deflation–Inflation Events at Kīlauea Volcano and Implications for the Shallow Magma System

Anderson, K. R.; Poland, Michael P.; Johnson, J. H.; Miklius, A.

doi:10.1002/9781118872079.ch11

Cited by 59 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This correlation confirms previous studies that have suggested such a relationship with earlier data (Tilling 1987;Denlinger 1997). Superimposed on the broad-scale trends of lake level and deformation are small-scale fluctuations that reflect "DI events" (a characteristic cycle of deflation followed by inflation) (Cervelli and Miklius 2003;Anderson et al 2015). The high lava level in early May 2014 dropped abruptly approximately 20 m on May 10, as the summit rapidly deflated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

2016

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Tracking the level of the lava lake in Halema'uma'u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, is an essential part of monitoring the ongoing eruption and forecasting potentially hazardous changes in activity. We describe a simple automated image processing routine that analyzes continuously-acquired thermal images of the lava lake and measures lava level. The method uses three image segmentation approaches, based on edge detection, short-term change analysis, and composite temperature thresholding, to identify and track the lake margin in the images. These relative measurements from the images are periodically calibrated with laser rangefinder measurements to produce real-time estimates of lake elevation. Continuous, automated tracking of the lava level has been an important tool used by the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 2012 in real-time operational monitoring of the volcano and its hazard potential.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

2016

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“…2A). This coupling is clearly illustrated by characteristic multiday cycles of ground deformation called deflationinflation (DI) events (Cervelli and Miklius, 2003;Anderson et al, 2015). DI events produce remarkably sympathetic changes in lava lake level (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct measure of change in reservoir pressure afforded by the lava lake at Kīlauea provides an important constraint for physical models of the magmatic system (Segall, 2013), such as the volume flux model presented here and models of reservoir volume (Anderson et al, 2015). Lava lake level may also provide critical insight at other open-vent mafic volcanoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard

Patrick

Anderson

Poland

et al. 2015

Geology

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Forecasting volcanic activity relies fundamentally on tracking magma pressure through the use of proxies, such as ground surface deformation and earthquake rates. Lava lakes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes provide a window into the uppermost magma system for gauging reservoir pressure changes more directly. At Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai'i, USA) the surface height of the summit lava lake in Halema'uma'u Crater fluctuates with surface deformation over short (hours to days) and long (weeks to months) time scales. This correlation implies that the lake behaves as a simple piezometer of the subsurface magma reservoir. Changes in lava level and summit deformation scale with (and shortly precede) changes in eruption rate from Kīlauea's East Rift Zone, indicating that summit lava level can be used for short-term forecasting of rift zone activity and associated hazards at Kīlauea.

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“…A more detailed discussion of the methodology can be found in the supporting information (Herrmann, 2013;Klein, 1981;Toda et al, 2011). We model this reservoir as a pressurizing point source at 1.5 km depth below surface (Anderson et al, 2015). We model this reservoir as a pressurizing point source at 1.5 km depth below surface (Anderson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Pressurization Of the South Caldera Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the pressure builds, eruptions are often preceded by an increase in seismic activity and surface deformation, which are often reliable indicators of impending eruption (Budi-Santoso et al, 2013;Kilburn, 2003Kilburn, , 2012Lengliné et al, 2008;Peltier & Bachèlery, 2009;Peltier et al, 2005Peltier et al, , 2006Schmid et al, 2012;Surono et al, 2012;Voight, 1988). However, abrupt increases in seismic activity or surface deformation at Kīlauea are not always indicative of an impending eruption and may occur due to intrusions of magma (Judson et al, 2018) or due to episodic deflation/inflation events (Anderson et al, 2015). This makes forecasting eruptions with surface deformation and seismic approaches alone challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in Seismic Velocity Observed Prior to the 2018 Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano With Ambient Seismic Noise Interferometry

Olivier

Brenguier

Carey

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2018 Kīlauea eruption was a complex event that included deformation and eruption at the summit and along the East Rift Zone. We use ambient seismic noise interferometry to measure time‐lapse changes in seismic velocity of the volcanic edifice prior to the lower East Rift Zone eruption. Our results show that seismic velocities increase in relation to gradual inflation of the edifice between 1 March and 20 April. In the 10 days prior to the 3rd of May eruption onset, a rapid seismic velocity decrease occurs even though the summit is still inflating. We confirm that intereruptive velocity change is correlated with surface deformation, while the velocity decrease prior to eruption is likely due to accumulating damage induced by the pressure exerted by the magma reservoir on the edifice. The accumulating damage and subsequent decrease in bulk edifice strength may have facilitated increased transport of magma from the summit reservoir to the Middle East Rift Zone.

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Episodic Deflation–Inflation Events at Kīlauea Volcano and Implications for the Shallow Magma System

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard

Decrease in Seismic Velocity Observed Prior to the 2018 Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano With Ambient Seismic Noise Interferometry

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