Epididymal and renal sarcoidosis

The influence of atherosclerotic abdominal aorta on the shape of duplicated inferior vena cava: its potential clinical implications and vascular complications

“…Another surgical implication was observed during organ transplantation or nephrectomy [6,15]. It was especially important with associated with duplicated IVC anomalies such us right retrocaval ureter [12], transcaval ureter [9], renal ectopia [21] or horseshoe kidney [13]. Christakis et al [6] report the case of a patient with an infrarenal duplication of an IVC who after successful laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy, had a postoperative course complicated by ipsilateral scrotal swelling.…”

Imaging Manifestations of Abdominal Sarcoidosis

“…Nephromegaly or renal atrophy may result, depending on the extent and duration of involvement. Radiographically detectable renal masses are unusual [55]. Multiple 2-to 3-cm isodense masses that enhance less than the adjacent normal renal parenchyma have been reported in a patient with nodular involvement of the liver and spleen [56].…”

Double inferior vena cava in a patient with bilateral testicular tumor: A case report with review of literature

“…[6][7][8] The most important clinical consequences of the duplication of the vena cava are observed in retroperitoneal surgery. [9] Because there is an increased risk of operative complication, determination of any anatomical variation is an essential component of preoperative assessment.…”