The most important abnormality of the aortic arch is arguably the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria). If this vessel compresses the adjacent structures, several symptoms may be produced. The aim of the study is to present the morphological and clinical aspects of the aberrant right subclavian artery. Three different databases searched for a review of pertinent literature using strictly predetermined criteria. Of 141 cases, 15 were cadaveric and 126 were clinically documented. The gender distribution of the subjects was 55.3% female and 44.7% male. The mean age of the patients at symptoms onset was 49.9 ± 19.4 years for all patients but 54.0 ± 19.6 years and 44.9 ± 18.1 years for female and male subjects, respectively (P = 0.0061). The most common symptoms in this group were dysphagia (71.2%), dyspnea (18.7%), retrosternal pain (17.0%), cough (7.6%), and weight loss (5.9%). The vascular anomalies coexisting with an arteria lusoria were truncus bicaroticus (19.2%), Kommerell's diverticulum (14.9%), aneurysm of the artery itself (12.8%), and a right sided aortic arch (9.2%). In conclusion, compression of adjacent structures by an aberrant right subclavian artery needs to be differentiated from other conditions presenting dysphagia, dyspnea, retrosternal pain, cough, and weight loss.
PurposeAchilles tendinopathy is a significant clinical lower limb issue observed in recent years. Neither the location nor the mechanism behind the pain has yet been sufficiently explained. Patients frequently experience pain on the medial side of the calcaneal tendon, and between 2 and 7 cm above the calcaneal tuberosity, which may suggests that the plantaris tendon plays an important role. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical relationships between the course of the plantaris tendon and the calcaneal tendon, as well as the type of insertion of the plantaris tendon.MethodsThe tests were carried out on 50 randomized lower limbs (23 left and 27 right) fixed in 10 % formalin solution.ResultsFive insertion types of the plantaris tendon were identified in relation to the calcaneal tendon: four with their insertion on the calcaneal tuberosity (Types 1, 2, 3, 5), while the fifth (Type 4) had its insertion in the crural fascia. In addition, two variants of the course of the plantaris tendon were identified, the most common being termed Variant A, in which the tendon crosses the space between the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles, thus reaching the medial crural region, and is located on the medial side of the calcaneal tendon (84 % cases). The course of the Variant B is similar to the course of the Variant A, but upon leaving the space located between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle, it turned to the medial crural region and ran directly anterior to the calcaneal tendon (12 %). The plantaris muscle was found to be absent in two lower limbs (4 %). The most frequent insertion type of the plantaris tendon into the calcaneal tuberosity is fan-shaped, occurring on the medial side of the Achilles tendon (Type 1–44 % cases).ConclusionThe course of the plantaris tendon and its mobility range in relation to the calcaneal tendon may be likely to affect the occurrence of pains in the lower medial part of the leg (Achilles tendinopathy).
Background: The suprascapular notch is a clinically important site because it is the main site of injury and compression of the suprascapular nerve. Its shape and (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 1: 87-92)
BackgroundThe tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) presents little morphological variation. The tibialis anterior muscle originates at the lateral condyle of the tibia, the proximal one-third to two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia shaft, and the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane and inserts to the medial cuneiform bone and first metatarsal. The aim of our work is to classify types of TAT insertion by two complimentary methods - anatomical dissection and ultrasound examination.MethodsIn the first part, classical anatomical dissection was performed on 100 lower limbs (50 right, 50 left) fixed in 10% formalin solution. The morphology of the insertion of the tendon was evaluated and the muscle was subjected to the appropriate morphometric measurements. In the second part, the morphology of the TAT insertion was evaluated in 50 volunteers with ultrasound.ResultsThe tibialis anterior muscle was present in all specimens. In the cadavers, five types of insertion were observed, the most common being Type V: a single band attaching to the medial cuneiform bone (32%). In the sonographic part, Type IV was not observed; however, an additional insertion type was recognised (Type VI), which was characterized by two identical bands attached only to the medial cuneiform bone. The most common type identified by ultrasound was Type II (35%).ConclusionThe tibialis anterior tendon presents high morphological variability that can be observed both in cadavers and in vivo by ultrasound examination.Level of evidenceII Prospective Comparative StudyElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13047-019-0319-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Purpose Although the plantaris muscle (PM) is vestigial in humans, it has a significant clinical role in procedures such as grafting. However, recent reports suggest its potential involvement in the tendinopathy of the midportion of the Achilles tendon. The aim of the study is therefore to evaluate morphological variation of the PM with regard to its potential conflict with the Achilles tendon. Material and Methods Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 130 lower limbs (71 right, 59 left) fixed in 10% formalin solution. The morphology of the PM was assessed regarding the relationship between the course of the plantaris tendon and the calcaneal tendon. Results The PM was present in 89.2% of cases. The findings indicate the presence of a new type of PM tendon insertion in which the tendon is inserted into the tarsal canal flexor retinaculum, potentially affecting the tendinopathy of the tibialis posterior muscle. In 26 cases (22.4%), insertion blended with the Achilles tendon (Type II), which may increase the risk of Achilles tendinopathy. Conclusion The anatomical variation of PM tendon morphology may create a potential conflict with the Achilles tendon and the tibialis posterior tendon, thus increasing the possibility of tendinopathy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.