The influence of atherosclerotic abdominal aorta on the shape of duplicated inferior vena cava: its potential clinical implications and vascular complications

Abstract

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a congenital condition (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 4: 521-526)

Median arcuate ligament syndrome: Predictor of ischemic complications?

“…However, the presence of collaterals is indicative of ischemia development. Similar results were seen in syndromes which result from compression of veins by adjacent structures (Polguj et al, ; Orczyk et al, ). To demonstrate that fact, we managed to find a statistically significant correlation between range of CA stenosis and collateral network development.…”

Unusual coexistence of double inferior vena cava with nutcracker syndrome–a case report and review of the literature

“…[10][11][12] Duplication of the IVC may be explained by numerous theories, such as persistence of the left IVC as a result of failure of the caudal left supracardinal vein to regress, or possibly a lack of anastomosis between primitive cardinal veins. 3,10 The development of renal veins is strongly connected with development of the IVC. 13 A research study concerning IVC anomalies, by Shin et al, 14 based the classification of double IVC subtypes on a previous study by Morita et al 15 Both studies suggested that there are five types of double IVC ( Figure 5).…”

“…Unrecognised anomalies prior to medical procedures may lead to interruption of veins and severe haemorrhage. 3,4,6,8,9 To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present case is a unique description of duplicated IVC coexisting with nutcracker syndrome, presented using two complementary radiological techniques.…”

“…1 IVC duplication has a possible incidence rate of between 0.2% and 4.4%, and the anomaly is characterised by the presence of two veins situated bilaterally to the aorta: the left IVC and the right IVC, which are separate veins most often connected at the level of the renal veins. 2,3 The condition is usually asymptomatic and is diagnosed by chance during radiographic examination due to other causes. 4 Left venous renal entrapment is commonly called the nutcracker phenomenon, and results in a decreased outflow of blood from the left renal vein (LRV) to the IVC.…”

Coexistence of the Aortic Aneurysm with the Main Vein Anomalies: Its Potential Clinical Implications and Vascular Complication

“…Duplicated veins are typically thin-walled, dilated, and even may be tortuous [8,17]. Such morphology may complicate surgical treatment and predispose the patient to unexpected bleeding.…”